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Bibliography

  • Bryson Voirin; Biology and conservation of the pygmy sloth, Bradypus pygmaeus, Journal of Mammalogy, Volume 96, Issue 4, 3 August 2015, Pages 703–707
  • Dimitrova, Tanya. “Attempt to export nearly-Extinct pygmy sloths sets off international incident in Panama.” Mongabay Environmental News, Mongabay Environmental News, 18 Jan. 2017, news.mongabay.com/2013/09/attempt-to-export-nearly-extinct-pygmy-sloths-sets-off-international-incident-in-panama/. Accessed 26 Sept. 2017.
  • Guarino, F. 2009. "Bradypus pygmaeus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed September 26, 2017 at http://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Bradypus_pygmaeus/
  • “Pygmy three-Toed sloth videos, photos and facts.” Arkive, Arkive, www.arkive.org/pygmy-three-toed-sloth/bradypus-pygmaeus/. Accessed 26 Sept. 2017.
  • “EDGE :: Mammal Species Information.” EDGE of Existence, EDGE of Existence, www.edgeofexistence.org/mammals/species_info.php?id=1396#description. Accessed 26 Sept. 2017.
  • Voirin, B., Smith, D., Chiarello, A. & Moraes-Barros, N. 2014. Bradypus pygmaeus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2014: e.T61925A47444229. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2014-1.RLTS.T61925A47444229.en. Downloaded on 26 September 2017.

Pygmy Three-Toed Sloth

Recommendation

Decision Making

  • Law enforcement:
  • People need to keep off the land
  • Stop poaching practices
  • Fines/other penalties
  • Community:
  • Awareness campaigns
  • Fund raising
  • Stop tourism industries (marina, eco-lodge, casino)
  • In situ
  • Cannot take out of habitat, die with stress

Preservation Plan

  • Current Action:
  • Island protected as wildlife refuge (but needs more enforcement)
  • Comprehensive plan underway to bring together locals, wildlife authorities, scientific communities
  • Fund raising campaign
  • Further Options:
  • Strengthen law enforcement
  • Local awareness programs
  • promoting sloths as conservation flagship species
  • stopping poaching and deforestation

Issues

  • Importance:
  • Hosts to various parasites
  • May influence vegetation
  • Act as prey for larger, arboreal predators
  • Algae live on the sloths' fur (gives camouflage)
  • Other Factors:
  • Low cost of preservation plan (better law enforcement)
  • One of the most endangered in the world, add to biodiversity
  • Help algae/vegetation population
  • Threats:
  • Fishermen, farmers, lobster divers and local people visit, and may hunt illegally
  • Destruction of homes (mangrove trees)
  • Tourism degrades habitats
  • No government staff enforcing protection
  • Pet trade, exotic species collectors, and zoos
  • Current Status:
  • Predicted less than 100 on island (numbers vary)
  • Difficult to keep in captivity (do not survive or reproduce)

Introduction

  • Pygmy Three-Toed Sloth (Bradypus Pygmaeus)
  • Size: Total length: 485 - 530 mm, Tail length: 45 - 60 mm
  • Physical Description:
  • blotchy, pale grey-brown fur and a tan face
  • Dark band across forehead
  • long, shaggy hair

Lifestyle

Environment

  • Diet: Most likely leaves of red mangrove trees
  • Lifespan: Unknown, other species 30-40 yrs
  • Reproduction:
  • Find each other with loud calls
  • Unknown gestation period, other three-toed sloth species are pregnant 4-7 months before birth
  • One infant bared at a time, cared for 6 months - 1 yr (mother carries young sloth with her everywhere)
  • Habitat: Exclusively in red mangrove forests surrounding the island Isla Escudo de Veraguas at near sea level
  • Climate/Geographic Location: Isla Escudo de Veraguas, Panama, undocumented climate but generally warm weather, area of 4.3 km
  • Adaptations:
  • Long, curved claws help hang upside-down
  • Long forearms and short thighs (cannot bring knees together)
  • Neck can turn about 270 degrees horizontally, can see around without having to move rest of body
  • hair grows in opposite direction than most animals, easier for water to run off away from skin when upside-down

Island Map

Actual food web unknown

Different three-toed sloth species ->

* Discovered in 2001 resulting in lack of solid knowledge

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