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State and Empire in Eurasia & North Africa, 500 B.C.E-500 C.
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Transcript
Terms
- Han Dynasty: Dynasty that ruled China from 206 B.C.E.-220 C.E., creating a durable state based on Shiangdi's state-building achievements
- Mauryan Empire: A major empire (322-185 B.C.E.) that encompasses most of India
- Ashoka: The most famous ruler of the Mauryan empire (268-232 B.C.E) who converted to Buddhism and tried to rule peacefully and with tolerance
Q&A
- What common features cam you identify in the empires described in this chapter? In what ways to they differ from one another? What accounts for these differences?
- All empires controlled large areas and populations that were gained through conquest. This allowed for an exchange of values and ideas. However, this failed to created a unified identity.
- In regards to differences, each empire had a different method of power structures, and longevity of rule
- We can compare each empire's government, assimilation attempts, and tolerance
Q&A
Who and What?
- Qin Shihuangdi: Literally "first emperor from the Qin"; Shihuangdi (221-210 B.C.E.) forcibly reunited China and establish a strong and repressive state.
- Trung Trac: A Vietnamese woman from an aristocratic military family who led an unsuccessful revolt against China around 40 C.E. following the death of her husband
- Are you impressed by the "greatness" of empires or with their destructive and oppressive features? Why?
- Do you think that these second wave empires hold "lessons" for the present, or are contemporary circumstances sufficiently unique as to render the distant past irrelevant?
- How do empires of the second wave civilizations differ from the politcal systems of the first civilizations?
Whats the Significance?
- Persian Empire: A major empire that expanded from the Iranian plateau to incorporate the Middle East from Egypt to India; it flourished from 550-330 B.C.E.
- Athenian democracy: A radical form of direct democracy in which much of the free male population of Athens had the franchise and officeholders were chosen by lot
Vocabulary
- Greco-Roman War: Two major Persian invasions of Greece, in 490 B.C.E. and 480 B.C.E., in which the Persians were defeated on both land and sea
- Hellenistic era: the period from 323-30 B.C.E. in which Greek culutre spread widely in Eurasia and North Africa in the kingdoms ruled by Alexander's political successors
- Alexander the Great: Alexander III of Macedon (356-323 B.C.E.) conqueror of the Persian empire and part of India.
Terms
- Augustus: The great nephew and adopted son of Julius Caesar who emerged as sole ruler of the Roman state at the end of an extended period of civil war 31 B.C.E.-14 C.E.
- Pax Romana: The "Roman peace," a term typically used to denote the stability and prosperity of the early Roman Empire, especially in the first and second centuries.
State and Empire in Eurasia & North Africa, 500 B.C.E-500 C.E.
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