1931: Japanese occupies Manchuria
1935: Mussolini invades Ethiopia
1937: Japan invades China
1939: Germany invades Poland
- Verdict in Nuremberg Trial decided: 12 Nazi leaders will hang, 7 leaders imprisoned, 3 Nazi leaders acquitted
- Italy abolishes monarchy
- 1947: Peace treaties for Italy, Romania, Bulgaria, Hungary, and Finland signed in Paris
- Soviet Union rejects US plan for UN atomic-energy control
Timeline
1930-1932:
1938
1939
Jews
The Final Push to Power
Now
1934 - 1937
1946-1947:
The Road to the Holocaust
Where to go now?
Germany
1942
March 1930: Heinrich Brüning becomes Chancellor of Germany
March 1932: President Hindenburg's end and beginning
Jews
- Banned from using public transportation
Jews
"Beer Hall Putsch"
- March 15-16: Czechoslovakia is taken by the Germans
- Cannot subscribe to newspapers
1934, 1935, & 1937 Jews
Germany's Recovery
Spring of 1932: Hindenburg’s term comes to an end.
- Must give all gold and silver to the Nazi's
- Prohibited from having animals such as cats, dogs, ect.
- Banned from the German Labor Front
Unable to successfully unify the German government
The Plan
- He is hesitant to run again, but if he does not, Hitler would have a chance to win.
Carrying out the Plan
Results & Aftermath
The Start
- September 1: Invasion of Poland
- Poland is divided between Soviets & the Nazi's
- Banned from owning bicycles
- Jews are required to have ID cards and passports
- All legal documents (and passports are to be stamped with a 'J'
- Females are to add 'Sarah' to their names
- Males are to add 'Israel" to their names
September: Germany's government resumes war reparation payments
- Prohibited to have national health insurance
Where: The Munich Beer Hall
(later a march through the cent of Munich)
- Cannot hold government jobs
A Jewish homeland is created by the United Nations in the current state of Israel as of 1948
- Many Nazi's were arrested
- Hitler fled the march after shots were fired
- 2 nights of hiding until he was found by the police and arrested for treason, and later put on public trial
- Treaty of Versailles
- WW1's end (1918) left Germany as the culprit
- Living in debt
Great Britain, France, the U.S., and the Soviet Union establish a Judicial assembly/International Military Tribunal to judge and and convict Nazi leaders for their war crimes
- August 23: German Army goes to attack Stalingrad in Russia
- Hindenburg wins the elections again
Who would be there: Businessmen and most importantly the Bavarian leaders and
- June 1: France, Holland, Belgium, Croatia, Slovakia, Romania require Jews to wear the yellow star
Radical political groups rise in numbers and plan to strike
- Hitler and his Nazi Party
- Cannot serve in the military
What went wrong?
- September 4: German Army cuts off Warsaw
- September 27: Warsaw surrenders
- Cannot be outside after 8pm in winter and 9pm in summer
- Failing to seize several military barracks
1. Hold the leaders of the Bavarian government hostage at gun point
- Accept Hitler as the new leader
1923
- But the government is on the verge of collapsing and the economy is still in chaos
Was it a total fail?
- Hitler decides to leave the hall to attend to other matters
July 1930: New elections were held, and the Nazi Party won and was now the second largest party in the Reichstag
- Cannot attend school anymore
- Trusting the Bavarian leaders fake promise to support and stay loyal to Hitler
Hitler and his Nazi movement almost came to the end of the road...
2. Get the German army on their side with the help of General Erich Ludendorff (Famous WW1 general)
- Performers/artists are forced to join Jewish Cultural Unions
- Forgetting about the Bavarian leaders (who escaped)
Attack!
- First time Nazi's force Jews to enforce Nazi polices and decrees in ghettos
3. Create a nationwide revolt
Nazi's and Hitler received light prison sentences and got out early
- Nazi units did not follow the plan and were dispersed tormenting Jews
- Jewish children were to only attend Jewish schools
July 1932: The Nazi Party won 37% of the Reichstag seats
- Trusting in General Ludendorff's plan
- Cannot keep electrical equipment (typewriters included)
4. Overthrow the German Democratic government in Berlin.
- Banned from many professional occupations
Outside Germany
Hitler's Influence
- Give all radios to the police
- Denied tax reductions and child allowances.
- Wear the yellow stars of David
- Time regulations, such as curfews, were put into action
Slovakia creates and passes its own version of Nuremberg laws
- July 7: Sterilization experiments as permitted to Auschwitz
- Great Britain and France declare war against Germany
Hitler would now work his way up in the government with his Nazi Party through political maneuvers
Results Thus Far
Dates
Speeding the process up
Repayments to many victims
Still in the healing process
- Businesses are to be closed and possessions given up
- June 30 and July 2: over 1,000,000 Jews have been killed by Nazis
Jan 20: The “Final Solution” is arranged by Nazi officials at the Wannsee Conference
- Deportation's and relocation's of Jews to assorted concentration and extermination camps: Theresienstadt, Auschwitz, Majdanek, Belzec
1925
Hitler's period of Growing
- January 30: Hitler makes Reichstag speech and targets Jews
The "Final Solution" - Exterminate the entire Jewish population of Europe
- June 30, 1934: The purge of the SA leaders (Night of Long Knives)
- Must have wealth and property records
- Jews evacuate from Vienna
1933:
- August 2, 1934: Hitler becomes Führer of Germany when President von Hindenburg dies
The Beginning
Hitler writes the first volume of Mein Kampf (My Struggle) in prison
- Nazi's foundation of their beliefs and practices
1929: Great Depression
- September 15, 1935: Nuremberg Race Laws against Jews are passed
- Doctors are prohibited from practicing medicine and
Time to Take Action
1940
- January 30: Adolf Hitler becomes Chancellor of Germany
The Rebuilding Period for the Nazi Party
- August 1, 1936: Berlin Olympic games. Hitler and the Nazi party restrain themselves from taking extreme actions against Jews
- Prohibited to perform legal practices
1941
1945
1943
- Germany leaves the League of Nations
1944
- November 8, 1937: 'Eternal Jew' traveling exhibition opens in Munich.
European Nations
Hitler's Influence
Invasions & Allies
- February 27: Reichstag building is burned down
- April 6: Nazi's invade Yugoslavia and Greece
- New Plan: centralize and organize the Nazi Party that would focus on helping to win Germany's elections. Have the state control important decisions = "'The germ of the future state'"
Hitler and the Nazi's
The Final Defeat
Impact on the World
- June 22: The Soviet Union is invaded by Germany
Work-in-Progress
("Holocaust Timeline: The Rise of the Nazi Party")
Useless
Work-in-Progress
- First Concentration camp named Dachau is opened
- January 6: Budapest is liberated. Russian's freed over 80,000 Jews
- March 12-13: Austria is annexed by German troops
1936: Inside Nazi Regime
- March 2: Nazi's occupy Bulgaria
- SS is put in charge of Jewish affairs in Austria
- April 9: Invasion of Denmark and Norway
- January 14: Russians invade Eastern Germany
January 2: U.S. President Roosevelt creates the War Refugee Board
February: Romanian government gives the idea of transferring Jews to Palestine, not responses to the proposed idea
- SA is created: (Storm troopers) known for their violent tactics
- July 17: Vichy France introduces Anti-Semitism
- Gestapo (the Secret State Police) is created
- January 17: Russians liberate Warsaw
March 24: President Roosevelt condemns Germany and Japan for continuing "Crimes Against Humanity"
U.S. calls a League of Nations conference, where representatives from 32 countries address the issue of the fleeing Jews
- January 27: Russian liberate Auschwitz, where an estimated number of 2,000,000 people died... About 1,500,000 being Jews.
- August 8: Romania introduces Anti-Semitism
- All books that opposed Nazi beliefs and practices is burned
- SS is created: Hitlers personal guards. Further encouraged violence against Jews and Hitler's opponents
March 1: A rally is held at Madison Square Garden, in New York, by Jews in order to pressure the U.S. government to help the European Jews
- SS Death's head division is created. They guarded the concentration camps
- November 9-10: 'Night of Broken Glass' also known as 'Kristallnacht' took place
- Jews were fined a billion marks for the damages the Nazi's actions were responsible for
July 24: Russia free the first concentration camp called Majdanek. (Over 360,000 deaths)
- April 10: Allied Powers liberate Buchenwald (concentration camp)
- May 10: Invasion of France, Belgium, Holland, and Luxembourg
- June 14: Nazi's occupy Paris
- June 22: France agrees to sign an armistice with Hitler
- October 3: Vichy France creates and establishes its own Nuremberg Laws
March 17: Bulgaria opposes the deportation of its Jews
- April 23: Russians reach Berlin
- Rhineland is occupied by Nazi's
Jews
Action
Passed and Established
- A vast majority of auxiliary groups are created: Hitler Youth, Student League
- April 29: Dachau (concentration camp) is liberated by the U.S. 7th Army
Jews
Saving
April 19-30: Bermuda Conference is held, but little progress is made because of the dangerous situation the U.S. and Great Britain would enter
- Office for Combating Homosexuality and Abortions is created
- Must have the permission from police to leave their houses
- April 30: Hitler commits suicide in Berlin
Late 1944: 1200 Jews are saved and moved to Brunnlitz by Oskar Schindler
- March 29: A 'Commissariat' for Jewish affairs is set up in Vichy France
- Denied use of public telephone
- September 27: Germany, Italy, and Japan make a pact called the "Tripartite Axis Pact"
- October 15: The Sudetenland is occupied by Nazi's
Hitler rises as the sole leader of the Nazi Party
- May 7: Germany surrenders when General Alfred Jodl signs the "Unconditional German Surrender" to the Allies at Reims
Jews
- Rome-Berlin Axis Coalition between Italy (Benito Mussolini and Adolf Hitler
May 13: Allies win in North Africa against German and Italian troops
No country was willing to accept the fleeing Jews
Experiencing vulnerability
- WW1 still had its after effects
- Living off of America's loans
- relying on exports and trade
- Poverty increased
- Weimar Democracy and the “Great Coalition” government: Downfalls
- People turned hopeless
- Hitler's opportunity
- German Jews are forced into labor
Hitler & Nazi Germany
- March 24: Enabling Act is passed, allowing Hitler dictatorial powers
- Boycotting of Jewish shops and businesses
- Zyklon-B gas is first tested in Auschwitz
May 19: Berlin is declared to be "cleansed of Jews" by Nazi's
- October 7: Nazi's invade Romania
- Hitler and Nazi Party prepare to carryout 'the final solution'
November: U.S. Congress conducts hearing on the inaction concerning the European Jews
- February 12: Nazi's begin the deportation of Jews to Poland
- Forced into concentration camps and ghettos
- The start of the first mass murder of the Jewish race in Poland
Germany
- Decree that defined a non-Aryan
Life Lessons
Opens the world up to how we look at WAR CRIMES
- November: Germany becomes allies with Hungary, Romania, and Slovakia
Deeper look into Genocides
Jewish Homeland
(Clash of Palestinians and Israelis)
Death
1938:
- September: Reich Chamber of Culture which denies Jews from the Arts
Carrying on
Jews
Continuing on the Anti-Semitic Path
Fail
- Summer: Auschwitz-Birkenau peak as is records, just over 9,000 people gassed and burned. It is the highest-daily number of deaths accounted for
- Jews are denied German citizenship
December 7: Japan attacks Peal Harbor
1926
December 8: U.S. and Great Britain declare war on Japan
1925
- As of February, about 80%-85% of the Jews who would end up dying in the Holocaust have been killed
Germany joins the League of Nations
Paul con Hindenburg is elected President
Holocaust ends and death camps are cleared
- Jews cannot own land nor be newspaper editors
- November 24: Law against Habitual and Dangerous Criminals is passed
- January 18: Warsaw Ghetto recieves its first residence of Jews
Found survivors were placed in displaced persons facilities
February 2: Hitler experiences his first big defeat when surrendering to Russian troops at Stalingrad
- Hungarian Jews by the thousands (12,000/day) are deported to Auschwitz to be killed
- All Gypsies are to be arrested and sent to extermination camps
December 11: Hitler and the US declare war on each other
November 20: The Nuremberg Trials commence
- Greek Jews are sent to ghettos
United States
Rising numbers of homeless people
Bread lines and soup kitchens became more common in American towns and cities
Producing the materials needed for war and rallying together as a country fighting against Germany brought the US out of the Depression
WW2 shocks the world to the core and they realize their League of Nations failed its goal
The first liquid-fueled rocket is made
Traffic signal, frozen food, and television are invented
Tommy Gun and Band-aids are invented
THE GREAT
DEPRESSION
- Following the crash of the stock market, Wall Street was put into a panic
- Consumer spending and investing plummeted
- Workers were laid off, unemployment rates hit new records
- US has more money to invest in Industry than Europe because of WW1
- The Republican Presidents encouraged growth in business and "laissev-faire' economies
- Fordney McCumber Act created a toll on imports and prompted increased purchase of American goods
- Henry Ford's use of the assembly line in factories revolutionized industry and created mass production and widespread consumption
- Independent Countries are consumed by mergers
- Increased gap between rich and middle class
- 600 banks are failing each year on average
- Stock Market prices begin to grow
America's industrial production dropped by half
Amelia Earhart flies over the Atlantic in 1932
America turns a blind eye to the events of Europe and chose not to get involved or overlook evidence of corruption, for example, the Holocaust
WW2 showed the world the danger of tyrannical leaders and the power of propaganda and taking advantage of a weak situation
Farmers (who had been struggling with their own economic depression for much of the 1920s due to drought and falling food prices) could not afford to harvest their crops, and were forced to leave them rotting in the fields while people elsewhere starved.
- Verdict in Nuremberg Trial decided: 12 Nazi leaders will hang, 7 leaders imprisoned, 3 Nazi leaders acquitted
- Italy abolishes monarchy
- 1947: Peace treaties for Italy, Romania, Bulgaria, Hungary, and Finland signed in Paris
Mass Consumption leads to extravagant living and the 1920's is nicknamed "The Roaring wenties"
USSR experiences famine in 1932
Warfare soared to new heights as countries were forced to compete with Germany's military - the first dog fights occurred, weapons of mass destruction are created, and fascist government are now looked down upon
- By 1933, 13-15 million Americans were unemployed and half of the country's banks had failed
Increased use of credit and propaganda influences culture - citizens buy products they can't afford and go into debt
Calvin Coolidge becomes president after Warren Harding dies in office- he is committed to a non-interventionist government
Henry Ford invents assembly Line and sets up a minimum wage for workers, causing production to increase
- Hitler invades Norway, Denmark, the Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, and France
- Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania annexed by Soviet Union
- Japan joins the Rome-Berlin axis
USSR proposes establishment of the United Nations
The Reichstag Fire in Berlin in 1933
Japan and Germany sign Anti-Comintern Pact
Britain, US, Japan, France, and Italy sign a disarmament treaty
The Lost Generation is the generation that came of age during WW1, and was coined by Ernest Hemingway in his book The Sun Also Rises
- Creation of League of Nations
- Women and Black experienced a loss of equality and opportunities
- With increased industry, America begins to pull out of depression and enters the war
- Germany attacks Balkans and Russia
- Japan’s surprise attack on Pearl Harbor bring the US into the war
- Manhattan Project begins
- US and Britain declare war on Japan
United Nations is established
Pearl Harbor
December 7, 1941
Germany, Italy, Japan, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria
As Anti-semitism increased in Germany, the world was nothing but idle. The 1930's was still a chaotic time and each country had their own challenges or crises to deal with - no country will ever be perfectly stable and without issues, which is why no matter what situation they find themselevs in, it is still important to pay attention to the world around you and potentially dangerous situations
- The U.S. defeat the Japanese at the Battle of Midway; together with the Battle of the Coral Sea, this marks the turning point in the war in the Pacific.
Minorities and women filled the void during WW1 as men went off to war, but were abruptly forced out of their jobs once they returned.
The United Nations is the force dedicated to avoid future Holocausts, and was one of the positive outcomes
- In General, the events of 1942 are not major, or are small-scale events with small-scale consequences. The Germans are more focused on their permanent solution to the Jews
Slow Gradual Change as Radical Leaders such as Stalin and Mussolini took over and created militaristic governments
- 90,000 Germans surrender at Stalingrad
- Italy declares war on Germany
The map of Europe changed drastically as a result of WW1; new countries were formed, borders redrawn, and there was little political stability with so many youthful nations
In General, the events of 1942 are not major, or are small-scale events with small-scale consequences
- Red Scare: promotion of fear and the potential rise of communism and radical leftism
Russia was on the side of Germany until Hitler attacked their Western Border
USSR (1934 - later expelled 1939)
The first FM Radio was developed and tested
- Allies invade Normandy on D-Day
- USSR proposes establishment of the United Nations
- Battle of the Barge occurs
Intensive amount of reparations were required from the loosing countries, decreasing their economic state
- 1918: Flu Pandemic (killed 30-50 million world wide)
- 1919: 18th amendment eliminates prohibition
- 1922: Mussolini marches on Rome and creates a fascist government
- 1924: Lenin dies and Stalin wins the power struggle and resumes the role as Soviet dictator which he maintains until the year 1953
- 1925: Hitler publishes Volume 1 of Mein Kampf
- F. Scott Fitzgerald publishes The Great Gatsby
- Klansmen March: 40,000+ members of the Ku Klux Klan march on Washington
- 1926: General strike in Britain brings nation’s activities to standstill
- 1927: Trotsky expelled from Russian Communist Party
US drops atomic bomb on Hiroshima and Nagasaki and Japan surrendered
Yalta Conference plans final defeat of Germany
WW2 ends on September 2, 1945
Pakistan and India won their freedom from Britain, becoming Independent Countries
First radio telescope built in Karl Guthe Jansky's backyard
First Polaroid Camera created by Edwin H. Land
Radar was invented by Heinrich Hertz
U.S., Britain, France, USSR, Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, China, Denmark,
1940: Roosevelt was re-elected for his third term as President
1940: Churchill becomes Britain’s prime minister
1945: FDR dies
1945: Hitler commits suicide; Germany surrendered
The 1920's followed a decade of instability and international tension. There was no part of society that wasn't changing in some way, and the Holocaust alost didn't come as a surprise. It was a chaotic time, but the world leaders are responsible for missing the signs of the Holocaust and what turned out to be a tragic event
The Treaty of Versailles was signed and created a false peace as they created the League of Nations, which many people believed would keep the world safe and out of war
A political cartoon blames the failure of the LON on the USA
It is used in a reaction that results in an energy gain of 450:1
Analog Computer invented by Mihailo Petrović
1938: Munich Pact: Britain, France, and Italy agree to let Germany partition Czechoslovakia
Germany learns that they can get away with whatever they want, and prompts them tbe more aggressive and gain territories with a lot of Jews so that they can persecute them - these countries are partly to blame for the Holocaust!
Harold C. Urey discovered Deuterium, which is an isotope of Hydrogen
First official network television broadcast is put out by NBC