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Transcript

Who

  • U.S Secretary of State John Hay
  • United States
  • Great Britain
  • Germany
  • Japan
  • France
  • Italy
  • Russia
  • CHINA

Sphere of Influence:

The sphere of influence is defined as country that has economic, social, political and cultural dominance of other countries outside its border.

Countries that have been dominated in such categories are called “Satellite states.” The sphere of influence can be caused by an amount of conflict or alliance; neither are necessary to be had to have a Satellite state. This connects to the Open Door Policy because America wanted to become what Britain was during 1899-1904.

What:

The Open Door Policy was part of John Hay's Open Door Note, of which proposed to keep China open to equal trade with all countries.

The policy also told the countries to refrain from interfering with treaty ports and to allow the Chinese to collect tariffs equally. This policy was only a principle .

Most of the European powers agreed with it, except for Russia.

Extraterritoriality:

Extraterritoriality is being exempt form local laws due to diplomatic negotiations.

When

In China, the British were able to gain extraterritoriality because of the Treaty of Nanking. Of which took place after the First Opium War.

Later on, the French and the US were able to gain extraterritoriality due to the Treaty of Tientsin. Of which took place after the Second Opium War.

  • 1899- Hay proposes an open door policy to open China's market to all foreign powers, especially the United States
  • 1900- Hay reissues statement during Boxer Rebellion, asked other powers to refrain from formal agreements with China (U.S put down Rebellion in 1901)

The European powers benefited from the Open Door Policy and even exploited China so that they could sell their product to the mass of citizens.

In contrast some Chinese citizens hated the presence of the foreigners, so a group of Chinese people murdered hundreds of foreigners in the Boxer Rebellion.

Origins:

The first concept of the Open Door Policy appeared during the Berlin Conference or otherwise called the Congo Conference in 1884-1885 in which King Leopold II of Belgium proposed that the Congo should be open to all European investment after trade and territorial deputes erupted between Belgium, France and Germany.

Where:

Why:

The Open Door policy was passed in the United States primarily targeting China. Other countries involved include the prominent European powers of 1899-1910 which included Germany, Britain, Russia, Japan and Italy.

The U.S created the open Door Policy with the intention of ignoring China's political separation and seeking financial advantage. By opening trade with China to everyone, the policy rewards America greater profit.

Secretary of State John Hay

  • Appointed In President McKinley's cabinet on September 30, 1898
  • Served through President Theodore Roosevelt following McKinley's assassination
  • Died in office July 1, 1905
  • Considered to be of the best Secretary of States in U.S history
  • Also influenced the construction of the Panama Canal

Pros of Open Door Policy

  • Opened China to trade with the U.S.A
  • Spread cultures of both the U.S and China
  • 1900- put China in debt to the U.S ($330 million in repairs)
  • It allowed the European powers along with America to have a foothold in China. (Extraterritoriality)

Cons of the Open Door Policy:

Discussion Questions:

  • It impacted the wealth gap of China
  • Increasing profit of trade ports on the coast, ultimately impacted negatively to the majority of the country.
  • China became indebted to the US with over $330 million in repairs
  • The Boxer Rebellion

1. If you were a US citizen at the time, would you support the Open Door Policy or would you be against it?

2. Did China benefit from the Open Door Policy in the long run?

3. Was the Open Door Policy successful? Why or why not?

The Open Door Policy and Imperialism

By Richard Hough, Gabriel Huertas, Finn Buttner, Matthew Thomason

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