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The Formation of the United Nations
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Failure of the League of Nations
The league of Nations was ineffective - it had no real power and had not prevented World War.
Need for peace
The consquences of WWII were disastrous, with over 100 million casualties
Even before the end of the war, the Allies were discussing the need for a new, more effective international peace-keeping organization
Series of meetings:
Atlantic Charter
Churchill and Roosevelt met in 1941 and proposed a set of principles for international collaboration in maintaining peace and security.
Moscow and Teheran Conference 1943
USSR, UK, US, and China called for the establishment of an organization to maintain peace and security in Moscow on October 30th
The USSR, UK, and US reaffirmed that goal in Teheran on December 1st.
Dumbarton Oaks Conference 1944
Four main goals:
- To maintain international peace and security;
- To develop friendly relations among nations
- To achieve international co-operation in the solution of international economic, social and other humanitarian problems; and
- To create an open forum of nations in the achievement of these common ends.
Two phases of meetings, since Russia and China refused to meet face-to-face
The "Big Three" meeting in Yalta
Sometimes called the Crimea Conference and codenamed the Argonaut Conference.
The San Francisco Conference
Implementation
The UN charter was ratified on October 24th, 1945 by the five permanent members and many signatories
The first meetings took place in early January of 1946, in London. 51 member nations attended.
Structure
General Assembly
Security Council
There are a variety of other specialized committees and organizations, such as the IMF and UNICEF