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SUPRASEGMENTAL PHONEME

Level of Stress

1. Primary stress: The characteristic of stressed syllable that results from pitch movement or tone and gives the strongest type of stress. Ex: around

2. Secondary stress: It is weaker than primary stress but stronger than unstressed syllable. Ex: photographic

3. Unstressed : The weakest characteristic of stressed syllable. Ex: poetic

JUNCTURE

Is a joining or a joint. It’s also a point or line at which two bodies are joined.

It used to refer to the manner of transition from one vowel or consonant to another.

Identify the Following Intonations

Stress

Intonation

Rising Intonation means the pitch of the voice increases over time [up];

Falling Intonation means that the pitch decreases with time [down];

Dipping Intonation falls and then rises [down up]

Peaking Intonation rises and then falls [up down]

Is the emphasis placed on the sound or syllable spoken most forcefully in a word or phrase.

Example:

Distinctions occur between verbs and nouns e.g. ‘insult and in’sult – ‘rebel and re’bel. In such cases the noun is always stressed on the first syllable while the verb is stressed on the second syllable.

Similarly, the stress may distinguish between an adjective and a verb e.g. ‘abstract and ab’stract.

Is the sound pattern of phrases and sentences produced by pitch variation in the voice.

Types of phoneme :

Segmental

Suprasegmental

Segmental phoneme

Is a phoneme which can be segmented.

Example :

Indonesian Word “pasar” can be segmented into /p/, /a/, /s/, /a/, /r/. So, it has five segmental phonemes

Suprasegmental phonology is concerned with other aspects of phonology, such as tone, stress and intonation. In some periods, suprasegmental phonology has been rather ignored compared to segmental phonology. This is presumably because, in most fields of scientific inquiry with the exception of physics, a linear world view has held sway, and also because the orthography of languages such as English encourages one to see the sound system as being a simple linear sequence of segments.[7] Suprasegmental or prosodic phonology involves phenomena such as stress (intensity) and tone (pitch).

An accentual pattern involves the deployment of suprasegmentals within a word (for example, the stress differences between the noun insert--with stress on the first syllable--and the verb insert--with stress on the second syllable--), whereas an intonational pattern involves suprasegmentals within the framework of a sentence (for example, all the words in Mary worries Martin are accentually stressed on the first syllable, but the stress in Martin is intonationally most prominent).

Suprasegmental phonemes

Is a phoneme which can’t be segmented or separated because it may change the meaning. It equips the segmental phonemes.

The examples are;

Stress

Intonation

Juncture

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