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Bebop, Cool Jazz and Hard Bop, n.d., Thelonious Monk Institute of Jazz, accessed 19 May 2014, <http://www.jazzinamerica.org/LessonPlan/8/6/210>.
Cool Jazz, 2014, Encyclopaedia Britannica, accessed 19 May 2014, <http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/136142/cool-jazz>.
Fortuna, M 2001, Miles Davis: Birth Of The Cool, All about Jazz, accessed 13 May 2014, <http://www.allaboutjazz.com/birth-of-the-cool-miles-davis-capitol-records-review-by-michael-fortuna.php#.U3Ghfa0kFc5>.
Neuwirth, M n.d., Lester Young, Music Bloodline, accessed 24 May 2014, <http://musicbloodline.info/artist/MN0000259529/spotify>.
Neuwirth, M n.d., Miles Davis, Music Bloodline, accessed 24 May 2014, <http://musicbloodline.info/artist/MN0000423829/spotify>.
The Tragedy and Triumph of Lester Young n.d., The Utopian, Pdf, accessed 24 May 2014, <http://www.utopianmag.com/files/in/1000000056/lesterpdf.pdf>.
1940’s
World War II
Cool jazz reflected on the more subdued emotion that was popular around America at that time
http://www.jazzinamerica.org/LessonPlan/8/6/210 accessed 24/05/14 (name of site: ‘Jazz in America’)
Miles Davis Bibliography, n.d., All Music, accessed 24 May 2014, <http://www.allmusic.com/artist/miles-davis-mn0000423829/biography>.
Yahoo Answers, 2010 Cool Jazz, Yahoo Answers, accessed 25 May 2014, <https://au.answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20101031012609AA9AW3l>.
Some instruments of cool jazz:
Piano, Trumpet, Baritone Saxophone and Drums
Instrumentation summary:
In cool jazz, there is a considerable variety of emotional range, level of intricacy, and instrumentation. Vibratos (or a sudden change of tone/pulse) were slow or nonexistent. Cool Jazz compared to styles such as bop or hard bop, isn’t as upbeat and is rather a lot smoother and detailed with less improvisation.Most common instruments used in Cool Jazz include the piano, trumpet, saxophone and drums. The drums were played softer and less interactively while the other instruments bringing groove into songs. However, don’t mistake ‘Cool Jazz’ for ‘Smooth Jazz’. They are both different and unique in their own way. Smooth Jazz being a lot more relaxing and calming and Cool Jazz, with a rhythmic feel to the music.
Bibliography here
More practise less improvisation
1 long melody, each member plays a solo over chords,
Most important part are the solos
- Cool jazz brought jazz back/made jazz popular again
- “Keeping cool” was an expression of emotional self-control in times of crisis
- Cool jazz was a blending of jazz and classical music.
Biography - Miles Davis
50 years of a very successful career
Started playing trumpet at the age of 12
By 1945 - abandoned his academic studies for a full-time career as a jazz musician
First recordings as a sideman joining Benny Carter and his band
An album containing his music earned him a 1960 Grammy nomination for Best Jazz Performance, Solo or Small Group
His career progressed and he soon received his fifth Grammy for Best Jazz Instrumental Performance
Discography ‘Miles Davis’
Some of Miles Davis greatest hits of all time include:
Walkin’ (1954) Label: OJC (Original Jazz Classics)
Blue Haze (1954) Label: OJC (Original Jazz Classics)
Miles Davis and Milt Jackson Quintet/Sextet (1955) Label: OJC (Original Jazz Classics)
Birth of the Cool (1957) Label: Blue Note
Milestones (1958) Label: Legacy / Sony Music Distribution
Miles Davis and Lester Young
- Frankie Trumbauer and Neil Tesser were two known influences on Lester Young.
- Billie Holiday, Jim Dorsey and Louis Armstrong were also known influences of Lester Young.
- All these people were known influences on Miles Davis
Billy Eckstine, Charlie Parker, Duke Ellington, James Brown, Roy Eldridge, Sly & The Family Stone, Billy Strayhorn, Clark Terry, Dizzy Gillespie, George Russell, Harry James, Jimi Hendrix, Karlheinz Stockhausen, Lester Young, Louis Armstrong, Ahmad Jamal and Thelonious Monk
Biography - Lester Young:
Lester young was a tenor saxophonist
Studied violin, trumpet and drums - by the age of 13
As his career in music flourished, Lester began to play in great bands
Met amazing musicians including Count Basie and King Oliver
Lester was bothered by the fact that some of his white imitators were making much more money than he was. - had a troubled lifestyle
He drank large amounts of liquor and at a point had almost stopped eating
1956's Jazz Giants album found him in peak form as did a well documented engagement in Washington, D.C., with a quartet and a last reunion with Count Basie at the 1957 Newport Jazz Festival.
But, for the 1957 telecast The Sound of Jazz, Young mostly played sitting down (although he stole the show with an emotional one-chorus blues solo played to Billie Holiday).
After becoming ill in Paris in early 1959, Lester Young came home and essentially drank himself to death.
Many decades after his death, Pres is still considered (along with Coleman Hawkins and John Coltrane) one of the three most important tenor saxophonists of all time.
Discography ‘Lester Young’
Some of Lester Young’s greatest hits of all time include:
Swing Again (1950) Label: Verve
Kansas City Style (1952) Label: Commodore Records
Just You, Just Me (1953) Label: Dreyfus Records
Pres and Sweets (1955) Label: Verve
The Jazz Giants ‘56 (1956) Label: Verve
- Miles Davis who was said to be the ‘birth of cool’ used unlikely instruments like French horn and tuba but also Trumpet
- Lester Young played the tenor saxaphone