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When certain insulating materials are rubbed together, thwy become electrically charged.
When materials gain electrons, they become negatively charged. The material that lost electrons becomes positively charged.
When two charged objects are brought together, they exert forces upon another.
Objects can either attract or repel one another.
Objects with positive charges attract, and objects eith negative charged repel.
Electrical charges can move easily through some materials, such as metal.
I= the current in amps.
Q= the charge in coulombs.
t= time in seconds.
The potential difference (voltage) between two points in an electrical
circuit is the amount of 'work done'.
V= potential difference in volts (V)
W= 'work done' in joules.
Q= is the charge in coulombs
The current through a component relies upon the amount of resistance.
The greater the resistance, the smaller the current for a given potential difference across the component.
V=potential difference in volts.
R= resistance in Ohms
I= charge in coulombs
The total potential difference of cells in a circuit is the sum (adding) of the numbers. (depending on the direction in which they're added.)
For components connected in a series:
Thermistors are temperature sensors.
Light Dependant Resistors detect light level.
The resistance of an LDR decreases as the light level increases.
On a resistance graph, the current is the vertical axis. The potential difference is the horizontal axis.
The graph for a resistor is is a straight line, because the resistor follows Ohm's law. Ohm's law states that the potential difference is directly proportional to the current.
These bulbs have a coil of wire called a filament wire inside. The wire heats up when an electrical current passes through.
It doesn't follow Ohms law. It's resistance increases as the temperature increases, which means that they're not directly proportional.
There is only one path for the charge to flow along, if one bulb breaks, neither will get any charge.
Diodes are used to regulate the potential difference in circuits, and to make logic gates. Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) give off light and are often used in computers and television sets.
LEDs use a smaller current. This makes them more popular.
Diodes have very high resistance, going in only one direction, meaning that current can only go in the other direction.
There is a higher resistance as light intensity increases.
The charge can take two pathways. That way, if one bulb breaks, the flow of charge can still get to the other bulb.