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Transcript
  • Excessive bleeding during menstruation

Blood transfusions:

  • to replace deficient RBCs
  • will not completely cure anemia

Parenteral

  • Iron dexteran:

50mg elemental iron

IV or IM

  • Iron-sucrose/ Iron sodium gluconate

only IV

  • Iron deficiency creates an uninhabitable enviroment for bacteria
  • Treating with parenteral iron supplements is not favored if patient is infected
  • In some cases this will not be possible, e.g. chronic osteomyelitis

Monitoring patients, who are chronically treated with iron is necessary to avoid iron overload toxicity

Treating iron deficiency anemia

  • Iron deficiency = microcytic hypochromic anemia
  • A decrease in RBC's mass and Hb content
  • MCV<80µ³ and MCH<25pg

Management

What causes iron deficiency?

  • Body doesn't have enough iron to manufacture RBCs
  • RBCs are abnormal and have weak Hb carrying capacities

Diagnosis

  • Symptoms

Central

Fatigue

Dizziness

Fainting

Eyes

Yellowing

Skin

Pale

Cold

Blood vessels

Low BP

Respiratory

Shortness of breath

Heart

Tachycardia

Palpitations

Angina

Heart attack

Muscle

Weakness

Spleen

Enlarged

Treatment

1)increasing iron

2)increasing vit. c

3)decrease oxalate &

phosphate

  • Manage hemorrhage
  • Dietary control:

  • Microencapsulation with lecithin

Tests

Chronic blood loss

  • Ulcers

  • CBC:↑RDW=large variability in RBC sizes
  • Blood film:

Deficiency of iron intake

(dietary)

Most common in growing children and pregnant women

  • Parasitosis (hookworms,flukes, etc.)

small and pale RBCs

nucleated RBC

typical blood smear

Iron Supplements

mild thrombocytosis

Ancylostoma

Oral

  • ideally on an empty stomach to increase bioavailability
  • GIT side effects

  • 3-6 months to replenish body stores
  • Ferrous sulfate most common
  • Avoid NSAIDs because they may irritate stomach and prolong bleeding
  • Serum iron = low
  • Serum transferrin = high
  • TIBC = high
  • Bone marrow aspiration

Deficient iron absorption

  • Vitamin C deficiency
  • diseases of the small intestine
  • increased intake of phytic acid oxalates
  • partial gastrectomies

Thank you

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