Chapter 7 Section 1 American History

Cooperation for Survival

• Discuss some of the reasons why people would immigrate to the United States in the late 1800s.
• Discuss some of the problems that city dwellers would face. What did cities do to fix these issues?
• What problems did the reform movements begin to address?
• What are political machines and patronage?How did these affect elections at for city, state and national government positions? Is this ethical?
• In your opinion, are political machines still relevant today? Use evidence to support your answer.

Immigrants would form communities that consisted of people from the same ethnic background.

Immigrants would begin to identify as ___________- American.

Immigration Restrictions

Many native-born Americans thought of the United States as a melting pot- a mixture of people of different cultures and races who blended together by abandoning their native languages and customs.

Many immigrants would not give up their cultures, and would face a strong anti-immigration movement.

Anti-Asian Sentiment

The Gentlemen's Agreement

Many feared jobs would be lost in the West to Chinese workers, so discrimination and hate towards the Asian immigrants grew stronger.

In 1882, Congress passed the Chinese Exclusion Act to limited entry to the United States to only students, teachers, merchants, tourists, and government officials.

In 1906, the discrimination towards the Chinese extended to the Japanese, and San Francisco began to segregate Japanese children into different schools.

President Theodore Roosevelt helped reach the Gentlemen's Agreement with Japan, desegregating these schools as long as Japan limited emigration of unskilled workers to America.

The Rise of Nativism

Nativism- overt favoritism toward native-born Americans.

Some ethnic groups were seen as better than others.

Religion would also be used as a reason for discrimination.

Ellis Island

Island located in New York Harbor in New York City. Approximately 17 million immigrants passed through this island.

Life in the New Land

Angel Island

Through the Golden Door

Island located in San Francisco Bay. Approximately 50,000 Chinese immigrants entered the United States through this island.

Millions of immigrants entered the United States based on promise of a better life. Some sought escape from difficult conditions.

Immigrants would travel to America by steamship, often in steerage. From Europe, the trip would take 1 week, while it would take 3 weeks to travel from Asia.

Europeans

1870 to 1920 approximately 20 million Europeans immigrated to the United States. Left because of religious persecution, rising populations and for promise of jobs.

Chinese and Japanese

1851 to 1883 approximately 300,000 Chinese arrived to search for gold and build railroad lines. Japanese workers migrated to Hawaii for plantation jobs. Annexation of Hawaii in 1898 resulted in Japanese migration to the west coast.

The West Indies and Mexico

1880- 1920 approximately 260,000 immigrants migrated from the West Indies to find work. 700,000 Mexican citizens migrated to the United States from 1902-1922 for work in agriculture and to escape political turmoil.

The New Immigrants

Chapter 7 Section 1