- March 4th, 1880 the New York Daily Graphic printed the first reproduction of a photograph with a full tonal range in a newspaper
- It was printed in an early version of halftone screen printing
Graphic Design During the Industrial Revolution
- Graphic design played an important role in marketing goods produced during the Industrial Revolution.
- The factory system brought with it more specialization in graphic design
Early Photography
Lithography
Early Magazines
Increasing Printing Speed
Typography
Photoengraving
First photographic image
Halftone Screen
- The first pictorial magazine, Harper's New Monthly Magazine, was made in 1850
Slab Serif
Sans Serif
Mechanized Type
Other Victorian Typefaces
Tuscan-Style
Printing Presses
- Also called Egyptian Faces in 1821 mostly because everything ancient Egyptian was popular at that time
- Gives a bold machine-like feeling
- Made in 1815
- Extended and curved serifs with many variations
- First appearance in 1816
- At first it was used mostly for subtitles and descriptions
- Originally called Doric, or sometimes they were called grotesques
- In 1832 renamed sans-serif
- Didn't become hugely popular until the 1950s
- Invented by Aloys Senefelder in Germany in 1789
- The printing surface is neither raised nor incised
- Oil based crayon is used to draw on stone
- The stone is covered in water, then an oil based ink is rolled on to the surface and only sticks where the crayon is.
- Chromolithography is the process of color printing
- 1860–1900 were the most popular years for chromolithography
- By 1850 presses could easily print 25,000 pages in an hour, but type was still set by hand
- Even the best newspapers could only produce eight page issues for a daily paper
1810 — 400 printed pages per hour
1827 —4,000 pages per hour
Charles Dana Gibson (1867–1944)
Thomas Nast (1840–1902)
- In 1871 a photoengraving process could transfer line work into metal letterpress plates
- Ottomar Mergenthaler (German) created the Linotype machine in 1886
- The four-cylinder steam-powered press could print 4,000 pages double-sided in an hour.
- His images of young men and women became the ideal of physical beauty for years to come.
- His drawings of women were called Gibson Girls
- Known as the father of the political cartoon
- He made the following visual images popular; Santa Claus, the Democratic Donkey, the Republican Elephant, and Uncle Sam
- Produced by Joesph Niépce in 1826
- Early photographic images were printed on thin plates of metal, you could not make copies of the images
- A halftone screen changes continuous tones into dots of varying sizes.
- Squares are formed by horizontal and vertical rules etched on pieces of glass, the amount of light that passes through each square determines the size of each dot.