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  • March 4th, 1880 the New York Daily Graphic printed the first reproduction of a photograph with a full tonal range in a newspaper
  • It was printed in an early version of halftone screen printing

Graphic Design During the Industrial Revolution

  • Graphic design played an important role in marketing goods produced during the Industrial Revolution.
  • The factory system brought with it more specialization in graphic design

Early Photography

Lithography

Early Magazines

Increasing Printing Speed

Typography

Photoengraving

First photographic image

Halftone Screen

  • The first pictorial magazine, Harper's New Monthly Magazine, was made in 1850

Slab Serif

Sans Serif

Mechanized Type

Other Victorian Typefaces

Tuscan-Style

Printing Presses

  • Also called Egyptian Faces in 1821 mostly because everything ancient Egyptian was popular at that time
  • Gives a bold machine-like feeling
  • Made in 1815
  • Extended and curved serifs with many variations
  • First appearance in 1816
  • At first it was used mostly for subtitles and descriptions
  • Originally called Doric, or sometimes they were called grotesques
  • In 1832 renamed sans-serif
  • Didn't become hugely popular until the 1950s
  • Invented by Aloys Senefelder in Germany in 1789
  • The printing surface is neither raised nor incised
  • Oil based crayon is used to draw on stone
  • The stone is covered in water, then an oil based ink is rolled on to the surface and only sticks where the crayon is.
  • Chromolithography is the process of color printing
  • 1860–1900 were the most popular years for chromolithography
  • By 1850 presses could easily print 25,000 pages in an hour, but type was still set by hand
  • Even the best newspapers could only produce eight page issues for a daily paper

1810 — 400 printed pages per hour

1827 —4,000 pages per hour

Charles Dana Gibson (1867–1944)

Thomas Nast (1840–1902)

  • In 1871 a photoengraving process could transfer line work into metal letterpress plates
  • Ottomar Mergenthaler (German) created the Linotype machine in 1886
  • The four-cylinder steam-powered press could print 4,000 pages double-sided in an hour.
  • His images of young men and women became the ideal of physical beauty for years to come.
  • His drawings of women were called Gibson Girls
  • Known as the father of the political cartoon
  • He made the following visual images popular; Santa Claus, the Democratic Donkey, the Republican Elephant, and Uncle Sam
  • Produced by Joesph Niépce in 1826
  • Early photographic images were printed on thin plates of metal, you could not make copies of the images
  • A halftone screen changes continuous tones into dots of varying sizes.
  • Squares are formed by horizontal and vertical rules etched on pieces of glass, the amount of light that passes through each square determines the size of each dot.
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