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  • Cheeks
  • Epithelium - Glycogen rich non-keratinising stratified squamous
  • Submucosa - minor buccal salivary glands, sebaceous glands - Fordyce's spots
  • Deep muscle - buccinator
  • Palate
  • Palatine salivary glands
  • Hard palate - non-keratinising epithelium prominent rete ridges
  • Soft palate - transitions to ciliated columnar at posterior edge
  • Floor
  • Minor and major sublingual salivary glands
  • Tongue
  • Muscular organ
  • Ventral surface - thin non-keratinising sq. epithelium continuous with floor
  • Dorsal - specialised keratinising squamous epithelium

Alimentary Canal Histology

Introduction

  • Function: break down food into absorbable particles
  • Muscular tube lined by variable epithelium
  • Structure of musculature similar throughout

Lips

Oral Cavity

Transition between dry, hair-bearing skin and moist mucosa

Oesophagus

  • Non keratinising stratified squamous epithelium
  • Glycogenated
  • Basal zone several cell layers thick, non glyconenated
  • Lamina propria
  • Normal lymphocytes, eosinophils, mast cells, plasma cells
  • Muscularis mucosae
  • Submucosae
  • Mucous glands
  • Lymphoid tissue
  • Nerves, blood vessels, lyphatics
  • Muscularis propria
  • Circular, longitudinal
  • Upper third striated, middle third mixed, lower third smooth and continuous with stomach

Aufar Bahri

Stomach

Gastro-Oesophageal Junction

  • Glandular architecture
  • Epithelium secretes
  • Mucus
  • Hydrochloric acid
  • Digestive enzymes
  • Cell types
  • Mucous (surface/neck)
  • Acid-producing (oxyntic/parietal)
  • Enzyme producing (chief/peptic)
  • Stem cells
  • Neuroendocrine cells
  • Three layers of muscle
  • Divided into cardia, body and pyloric regions
  • Important site of pathologic abnormality
  • Squamo-columnar junction
  • Lymphoid aggregrates, mucous glands prominent

Cardia

Body

Pyloric

Duodenum

  • Villous architecture to increase surface area
  • Crypts extend to muscularis mucosae
  • Villi:Crypt = 2:1
  • Cell types:
  • Enterocyte
  • Mucous (Goblet) cells
  • Paneth cell
  • Endocrine cell
  • Stem cells
  • Submucosal Brunner's glands

Jejunum/small bowel cont.

  • Small bowel lamina propria
  • Blood vessels, lymphatics (lacteal)
  • Lymphocytes, plasma cells, eosinophils, macropages, mast cells
  • Submucosa
  • Ganglion cells/nerve plexus

Colon

  • Tubular achitecture
  • Mucosa specialised for water and salt reabsorption and mucus secretion
  • Cell types:
  • Columnar (absorptive) cells
  • Mucous (Goblet) cells
  • Endocrine cells
  • Stem cells
  • Paneth cell in caecum and appendix

Ileum

Well developed lymphoid aggregates - Peyer's patches

The End

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