Niyog-niyogan

Adverse effects

Planting, Maintaining, Preparing the decoction, Right dosage and administration

Mechanism of action

Precautions and Contraindications

Mechanism of action

• Allergic skin reaction
• Painful swelling of ankles
• Increase body temperature

Active properties:

Drug-drug interactions

• Quisqualic acid causes paralysis of the anterior part of the worm where the central nervous control is located, while stimulating the posterior part of the worm.
• The Quisqualic acid deprives the worm of the coordinating impulse coming from the central nerve ring. The end result of this action is that the animal is no longer able to maintain position to its host and can be readily expelled by giving purgative.

Nausea and Vomiting

Headache

Dizziness

Abdominal pain

Adverse effects



Diarrhea

Hiccups

• The seeds contain L-quisqualic acid, which exhibits marked anthelmintic activities. This active principle somewhat resembles the actions of the anthelmintic 'ALFA'-santonin.

• Santonin is a drug which was widely used in the past as an anthelminthic, a drug that expels parasitic worms (helminths) from the body, by either killing or stunning them.

• Quisqualic acid has shown excitatory effects on neurons, and in a variety of animal models (e.g. snails, chicks, mice and rats). It causes various types of limbic seizures and neuronal necrosis. . Thus, in neuropharmacology this compound isknown as one of the excitatory amino acids (EAAs) and, besides the study of the neurological effects mentioned, is used to identify a specific set of EAA receptors, in the case of quisqualic acid known as quisqualate receptors.

known drug interactions associated with Niyog-niyogan

SEIZURE

Planting

Maintaining

It is advised to place this plant in spacious areas to avoid crowding with a temperature of at least 60°F with evenly moistened soil to produce flowers

Preparing the decoction

Niyog-niyogan is cultivated in greenhouses and can be naturalized in tropical areas

• grows best in tropical areas and demands constant sunlight
• grows in haste during the rainy season, hence constant pruning is especially recommended during this time

Niyog-niyogan can thrive in almost all kinds of soil and can even tolerate moderate amount of drought in cold seasons

• Seeds

-Roasted/raw

• Leaves

-Boiled/pounded

• Root

-raw

Right dosage and administration

Introduction

• Large climbing(active climber), woody shrub
•  Combretaceae family
• Leaves: rounded at the bottom and pointed at the tips

• Seeds (anti-helminthic)

• Adults:

--Dried nuts-chew 8 to 10 small- to medium-sized

dried nuts two hours after a meal, as a single dose,

followed by a half glass of water.

-- If fresh nuts are used, chew only 4-5 nuts. Hiccups occur more frequently with the use of fresh nuts

Children

• 3-5 years old: 4-5 dried nuts;
• 6 - 8 years old: 5-6 dried nuts;
• 9-12 years old: 6-7 dried nuts.

Scientific Name: Quisqualis indica

• Fragrant and colorful flowers
• Grow in clusters, blossoms year-round
• Its flowers open at night
• five bright red petals that gives out a distinct perfume
• Edible fruit: ellipsoidal in shape with five lengthwise wings
• Seeds: black in color

Common Names:

• Radha Manoharam (Telugu)
• Chinese honeysuckle (English)
• Rangoon Creeper (English)
• Niyog-niyogan (Filipino)
• Quiscual (Spanish)
• Madhu Malti or Madhumalti (Hindu)

Grows best in tropical areas and demands constant sunlight

Native in Southeast Asian countries including:

• Philippines
• India
• Myanmar
• Malaysia

Pharmacological Effects and Clinical Indication as recommended by DOH

Remedy for boils and skin ulcers

Treatment of Inflammation of Kidneys

Expels Intestinal Worms and Parasites

Niyog-niyogan leaves are pounded and

applied externally to skin ulcers and boils.

Niyog-niyogan fruits are believed to alleviate

nephritis or inflammation of the kidneys.

• The seeds of Niyog-niyogan are dried and taken orally.
• Recommended dosage is 4 to 7 seeds for Children while 8 to 10 seeds for Adults.
• If one dose does not eliminate the worms, wait a week before repeating the dose.

Potassium dihydro-quisqualate & Quisqualic acid

Remedy for Fever

Remedy for Diarrhea and Fever

Remedy for headaches

• The methanolic extract of the plant at a dose level of 100mg/kg and 200mg /kg exhibited

competent, potent and comparable results promoting Quisqualis indica Linn as a promising antipyretic plant species.

• Flavonoids and Phenols

Ripe fruits of Niyog-niyogan are roasted and taken

internally for diarrhea and fever treatment.

Niyog-niyogan leaves are applied to the head to relieve headaches.

They appear to merely cool off the head and so ally the pain somewhat. 

Remedy for Dysuria

Remedy for diarrhea

A decoction of boiled Niyog-niyogan leaves are taken as tea to relieve pain while urinating.

Flavonoids, tannins and tannic acid of the plant’s extract are responsible for the antidiarrheal property.

end

Management of diabetes

The antihyperglycemic activity of extracts may be mediated by increase in insulin release from pancreas or may be due to increased insulin sensitivity.

Management of diabetes

Phytochemicals such as flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, tannins and saponins are frequently implicated as having antidiabetic effects

• Quercetin isolated from Quisqualis indica Linn has been already reported

as inhibitor of aldose reductase enzyme, which is responsible for conversion of glucose to sorbitol.

• Diabetic complications such as retinopathy, nephropathy.

Anti-cancer

• 25-O-acetyl-23,24-dihydro-cucurbitacin F as a cytotoxic constituent of uisqualis indica.

• The petroleum ether extract showed a marked cytotoxic activity on human brain tumour cell line (U251). The petroleum ether extracts of leaves and flowers showed the presence of sterols, terpenoids, fixed oils and fats.

Anti-Cancer

According to Professor Dr. Thomas Efferth, Niyog-niyogan has a powerful anti-tumor activity that

suppress the growth of a specific tumor cell line that is particularly resistant to many commonly used cytotoxins due to overproduction of a transport protein in the cell wall.

Niyog-niyogan