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The Effects of the Cold War on Guatemala
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The Effects of the Cold War on Guatemala
- US officials accuse Arbenz of being "soft" on communism.
- They claim he will allow Soviets to gain power in Central America.
- Arbenz refuses to change his land reform and the US decides to remove him from power.
1954:
1950
- The US organized and funded a rebel army of Guatemalan exiles.
- they trained the army on United Fruit Company lands in Honduras.
- most of the Guatemalan population were Mayan Indians that live in extreme poverty.
- Jacobo Arbenz Guzmán becomes the president.
- He implements a land reform and tries to redistribute unused land.
- most of the land the distributed belonged to the United Fruit Company.
- The United Fruit Company protests the land takeover.
1954:
- The rebel force marched into the capital and overthrew the government.
- They had air support from the US.
- A military regime took over, and established close ties with the US.
1960s-1980s:
- The Guatemalan army remained in control for the next 30 years.
- Guatemala became polarized.
- Civil war broke out.
- Mayan Indians, the major victims, were killed by the army.
- People fled the country to live as political refugees.
- Civilian Rule was restored in 1985.
1996-present:
- In 1996, the Guatemalan peace agreement ended the war after 36 years.
- Guatemala became more stable and experienced economic growth.
- Elections are now democratic
- Vote reform laws have increased turnout for elections
- Remains a fragile state.
By: Nicole Chatain
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