DRUGS
DRUG
6 MOST POPULAR DRUGS
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A drug is, in the broadest of terms, a chemical substance that has known biological effects on humans or other animals
In pharmacology, a drug is "a chemical substance used in the treatment, cure, prevention, or diagnosis of disease. Drugs may be used for a limited duration, or on a regular basis for chronic disorders.
Recreational drugs are chemical substances that affect the central nervous system, such as hallucinogens. They may be used for effects on perception, consciousness, personality, and behavior. Many recreational drugs are also used in medicine.
Some drugs can cause addiction and habituation and all drugs have side effects. Many drugs are illegal for recreational purposes and international treaties such as the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs exist for the purpose of legally prohibiting certain substances.
1- Alcohol: This is a "legal" drug that only those over 18 can consume. This substance is responsible for millions of deaths worldwide (auto accident) drivers are drunk when driving. It is also known that this substance causes cancer and other problems in internal organs such as the liver, pancreas and stomach.
2- Snuff: This includes the known cigarettes, cigars and pipes (hazardous substance nicotine), this causes multiple diseases such as emphysema and lung cancer. It is a "legal" drug that supposedly only the elderly can get it.
3-Marihuana: Also known as "cannabis" and his seed "hashish", this substance is considered illegal in most countries. It has been shown that the plant has medical qualities. Abuse of this drug causes damage to the nervous system, can cause paranoia, also believed that this drug is what opens the door for addicts use drugs more intense when marijuana stop them the desired effect.
CLASSIFICATION
Drugs that are primarily used as medicine. Usually obtained by prescription. In the West, its use is linked to the treatment of mood disorders, sleep disorders, painful disease or in order to achieve greater clarity and concentration
Drugs or illegal substances. Vary according to the laws of each country. Are those whose trade is illegal. There are conventions that have been established as a prohibited stimulant nonmedical use of opiates, cannabis, hallucinogens, cocaine and many others, as hypnotics and sedatives. In addition, countries and local jurisdictions have added their own banned substances such as alcohol or inhalants.
Licit drugs or substances. Deal freely according to the wishes of each consumer. For example, alcoholic beverages.
6 MOST POPULAR DRUGS
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FUNCTIONAL MODEL
4- Cocaine: This drug is illegal anywhere in the world, its danger is broad because it can permanently damage the brain of a person from the people of this drug reaches the point of stealing to keep using.
5- Ecstasy: Illegal drugs. There are pills that inhibit the sensation of tiredness and cause blocking effects on neurotransmitters (cause: empathy, euphoria ...) in whom the decision, initially created with the idea of being used to suppress the appetite and were subsequently used in psychotherapy, after causing harmful effects and from that was banned were discovered. It can cause severe states of depression, it is common for addicts to commit suicide this drug, in overdose can lead to death.
6- Hallucinogens: This captures a wide range of hallucinogenic drugs, synthetic existed as natural as LSD and mushrooms. These substances can permanently damage the neurological synapse addicts, leaving them permanently in the clouds, but the worst part is that they cause paranoia and schizophrenia.
The arrival time of the substance to the brain depends on several factors, including the pathway or consumption, which generally depends on your physical condition; the oral route is slower but safer in terms of toxicology, inhalation or nasal route is faster but with little difference in efficiency to the oral or intranasal route.
When the substance has crossed the blood-brain barrier is able to exert a neuromodulatoria function, modifying neurotransmitter synthesis at synaptic level. Neuromodulation may be ionic, modifying the state of the ion channels open and block or exerting an inhibitory or excitatory function that modifies neuronal action potential.
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PHYSICAL DAMAGE
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Physical damage is relative and varies according to the pre-existing condition, but widely considered.
ADMINISTERING DRUGS
- Bolus is the administration of a medication, drug or other compound that is given to raise its concentration in blood to an effective level. The administration can be given intravenously, by intramuscular, intrathecal or subcutaneous injection.
- Inhaled, (breathed into the lungs), as an aerosol or dry powder. (This includes smoking a substance)
- Injected as a solution, suspension or emulsion either: intramuscular, intravenous, intraperitoneal, intraosseous.
- Insufflation, or snorted into the nose.
- Orally, as a liquid or solid, that is absorbed through the intestines.
- Rectally as a suppository, that is absorbed by the rectum or colon.
- Sublingually, diffusing into the blood through tissues under the tongue.
- Topically, usually as a cream or ointment. A drug administered in this manner may be given to act locally or systemically.
- Vaginally as a suppository, primarily to treat vaginal infections.