Genre Conventions

Genre Conventions

Rhetorical Situation

Schools of Criticism

Rhetorical Situation

Stance

Media/Design

Audience

Purpose (telos)

Setting/ Context (kiros)

Genres:

Conventions:

Convstraints:

SCHOOLS OF CRITICISM & THEORY

• Psychoanalysis – explores the role of consciousnesses and the unconscious in literature including that of the author, reader, and characters in the text

Sigmund Freud, Jacques Lacan, Harold Bloom, Slavoj Žižek, Viktor Tausk

• Queer theory – examines, questions, and criticizes the role of gender identity and sexuality in literature

Judith Butler, Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick, Michel Foucault

• Structuralism and semiotics – examines the universal underlying structures in a text, the linguistic units in a text and how the author conveys meaning through any structures

Ferdinand de Saussure, Roman Jakobson, Claude Lévi-Strauss, Roland Barthes, Mikhail Bakhtin, Yurii Lotman, Umberto Eco, Jacques Ehrmann, Northrop Frye and morphology of folklore

• Cognitive Cultural Studies – applies research in cognitive neuroscience, cognitive evolutionary psychology and anthropology, and philosophy of mind to the study of literature and culture

Frederick Luis Aldama, Mary Thomas Crane, Nancy Easterlin, William Flesch, David Herman, Suzanne Keen, Patrick Colm Hogan, Alan Richardson, Ellen Spolsky, Blakey Vermeule, Lisa Zunshine

• Critical race theory - examine society and culture as they relate to categorizations of race, law, and power

WEB Du Bois, Derrick Bell, Patricia Williams, Kimberlé Williams Crenshaw, and Mari Matsuda.

• Cultural studies – emphasizes the role of literature in everyday life

Raymond Williams, Dick Hebdige, and Stuart Hall (British Cultural Studies); Max Horkheimer and Theodor Adorno; Michel de Certeau; also Paul Gilroy, John Guillory

• Eco-criticism – explores cultural connections and human relationships to the natural -)
• Gender– which emphasizes themes of gender relations

Luce Irigaray, Judith Butler, Hélène Cixous, Julia Kristeva, Elaine Showalter

• Marxism – which emphasizes themes of class conflict

Georg Lukács, Valentin Voloshinov, Raymond Williams, Terry Eagleton, Fredric Jameson, Theodor Adorno, Walter Benjamin

• New Historicism – which examines the work through its historical context and seeks to understand cultural and intellectual history through literature

Stephen Greenblatt, Louis Montrose, Jonathan Goldberg, H. Aram Veeser

• Postcolonialism – focuses on the influences of colonialism in literature, especially regarding the historical conflict resulting from the exploitation of less developed countries and indigenous peoples by Western nations

Edward Said, Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak, Homi Bhabha and Declan Kiberd

• Postmodernism – criticism of the conditions present in the twentieth century, often with concern for those viewed as social deviants or the Other

Michel Foucault, Roland Barthes, Gilles Deleuze, Félix Guattari and Maurice Blanchot

• Post-structuralism – a catch-all term for various theoretical approaches (such as deconstruction) that criticize or go beyond Structuralism's aspirations to create a rational science of culture by extrapolating the model of linguistics to other discursive and aesthetic formations

Roland Barthes, Michel Foucault, Julia Kristeva