Phillip IV or AKA the king who caused the Avignon Papacy
Argument with Pope Boniface III
Taxing clergy
Avignon Papacy
Early Middle Ages
Henry II
- Monarchs were at the top of society, but had little power.
England
- Inherited throne in 1154
- Justice System
- Grand jury
- Jury
- Conflict with Church
- Thomas Becket (Archbishop of Canterbury)
- Trying clergy in regular court
- 1170
- Saint Thomas
Brief History of England
- Early Middle Ages - invaded by Angles, Saxons, and Vikings
- Feudalism developed = kings kept country united
French Kings
After Charlemagne, France was not unified.
- 987 - Hugh Capet
- Next 300 years
Impact of the Magna Carta
Phillip II
Louis IX
- Nobles had rights
- Created Parliament
- Money
Perfect Medieval Monarch
1226-1270
Ruled during John II's reign
By the time he died in 1223 he was the most powerful ruler in Europe
- Improved government
- Led 2 crusades
- Persecuted Jews & heretics
- ENDED SERFDOM!
- Government was efficient centralized monarchy
Strong English Monarchs
Norman Conquest
- 1066 King Edward died w/o an heir
- Council of Nobles picked Harold - King's brother-in-law
- William of Normandy claimed throne
- William would gain Pope's favor and England at Battle of Hastings
- land for himself
- vassals-allegiance
- Domesday Book
- Created Royal Treasury
King John
Son of Henry II
Lost to Phillip II of France
Argued with Pope Innocent III over appointment of Archbishop of Canterbury
Bad Ruler
Growth of Royal Power in England and France