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  • Led & hosted by Austrian Price Klemens von Metternich

Forces of Change

Liberalism Nationalism

  • Grew out of the Enlightenment
  • Believed in;
  • equality before the law
  • freedom of assembly/speech/press
  • religious toleration
  • separation of church & state
  • a representative government
  • Believed these rights needed guaranteed by a written constitution
  • Suffrage? Only property owning men
  • Arose when people identified with a nation - community with common language, institutions, and customs

(loyalty to Nation > King)

  • Believed each nationality should have own government
  • Germans

-> Unify!

  • Hungarians

-> Independence from Austria!

Liberalism & Nationalism became a threat to the existing:

BALANCE OF POWER

PLEASE NOTE: These conservative ideas are not the same ideas of American "conservative" or Republican ideas...

  • Based on tradition
  • Value social stability (unlike CHAOS of the French Rev.)
  • Favor obedience to political authority
  • Organized religion helped to keep order
  • HATED: Revolutions & anyone demanding individual rights or representative governments!

These European Rulers believed in the political philosophy of:

Conservatism

Liberalism & Nationalism

After Napoleon conquered almost ALL of Europe the great powers of Europe wanted to:

  • prevent future rulers from becoming as powerful as Napoleon, &
  • contain the forces of change the French Revolution unleashed.

BALANCE OF POWER!

  • Meeting of Great Britain, Austria, Prussia, and Russia following the defeat of Napoleon with goal to establish a new:

The Congress of Vienna

European Politics in the 19th Century

Revolutions of 1848

WHY???

Liberals want a government that protects their individual rights...

Nationalists want a government that they identify with nationally...

How does this....

  • 1830 - Liberal and Nationalist revolutions start in France

  • 1848 - Over 50 revolutions occurred across Europe
  • France...German states...Austrian Empire...Italian states...

become this...?

Totalitarian!

Democratic!

Generally speaking by 1910...

What type of government is in Western Europe?

What type of government in in Eastern Europe?

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