- Led & hosted by Austrian Price Klemens von Metternich
Forces of Change
- Grew out of the Enlightenment
- Believed in;
- equality before the law
- freedom of assembly/speech/press
- religious toleration
- separation of church & state
- a representative government
- Believed these rights needed guaranteed by a written constitution
- Suffrage? Only property owning men
- Arose when people identified with a nation - community with common language, institutions, and customs
(loyalty to Nation > King)
- Believed each nationality should have own government
- Germans
-> Unify!
-> Independence from Austria!
Liberalism & Nationalism became a threat to the existing:
BALANCE OF POWER
PLEASE NOTE: These conservative ideas are not the same ideas of American "conservative" or Republican ideas...
- Based on tradition
- Value social stability (unlike CHAOS of the French Rev.)
- Favor obedience to political authority
- Organized religion helped to keep order
- HATED: Revolutions & anyone demanding individual rights or representative governments!
These European Rulers believed in the political philosophy of:
Conservatism
After Napoleon conquered almost ALL of Europe the great powers of Europe wanted to:
- prevent future rulers from becoming as powerful as Napoleon, &
- contain the forces of change the French Revolution unleashed.
BALANCE OF POWER!
- Meeting of Great Britain, Austria, Prussia, and Russia following the defeat of Napoleon with goal to establish a new:
The Congress of Vienna
European Politics in the 19th Century
Revolutions of 1848
Liberals want a government that protects their individual rights...
Nationalists want a government that they identify with nationally...
How does this....
- 1830 - Liberal and Nationalist revolutions start in France
- 1848 - Over 50 revolutions occurred across Europe
- France...German states...Austrian Empire...Italian states...
become this...?
Totalitarian!
Democratic!
Generally speaking by 1910...
What type of government is in Western Europe?
What type of government in in Eastern Europe?