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BUTTERFLY EFFECT (CHAOS THEORY)
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BUTTERFLY EFFECT (CHAOS THEORY)
WHAT IS IT?
- Small causes can have large effects.
- Initially, it was used with weather prediction.
- Meteorologists can predict the weather for short periods of time.
- The butterfly effect is the sensitive dependence on initial conditions in which a small change in one state of a deterministic nonlinear system can result in large differences in a later state.
HOW WAS IT DISCOVERED?
ORIGINS
- Edward Norton Lorenz. Mathematician and meteorologist at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
- Mathematical model of the weather with 12 differential equations that represented changes in temperature, pressure, wind velocity, etc.
- 1961, Lorenz discovered this effect.
- He had rounded off assuming that the difference was inconsequential.
- This led Lorenz to realize that this model had "sensitive dependence on initial conditions".
WHY IS IT CALLED "BUTTERFLY EFFECT"?
Two segments of the three-dimensional evolution of two trajectories for the same period of time.
- It comes from the metaphorical example given by Lorenz to explain it.
- The idea that a butterfly's wings might create tiny changes in the atmosphere that may ultimately alter the path of a tornado in another location.
- Had the butterfly not flapped its wings, the trajectory of the system might have been vastly different.
CONCLUSION
- The butterfly effect can be seen in more areas than in weather.
- Throwing dice (the precise direction, thrust, and orientation of the throw) makes it virtually impossible to throw dice exactly the same way twice.
- It can be related to our lives.
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