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TAKS Cram Course

Week 2

Density

The amount of mass per unit of volume. Basically Density is the ratio of mass to volume

Mass:

  • The amount of matter in an object
  • units: mg, g, kg

Volume

  • The amount of space occupied by an object
  • units: mL, L, cm^3

Density= Mass/Volume

D=m/v

m= D * v

or

v= m/D

  • An object with a density less than 1 will float in water

  • An object with a density greater than 1 will sink in water.

Water is so unique that ice (solid water) is less dense than liquid water.

Viscosity and Buoyancy

Viscosity!

A fluid's resistance to flow.

  • Water has a low viscosity. It is easy to pour.
  • Honey has a high viscosity. It is hard to pour

As the temperature increases, the viscosity of a fluid decreases

As the temperature decreases, the viscosity of a fluid increases.

Buoyancy!

The ability of an object to float in a liquid

1. Gravity (weight): force pulling the object down

2. Buoyant force: the force of the fluid pushing object up. The buoyant force is equal to the weight of the displaced liquid.

  • Gravity > Buoyant force... object sinks Ex: rock
  • Gravity = Buoyant force... object floats Ex: boat
  • Gravity < Buoyant force... object rises Ex: hot air baloon

Speed, Velocity,

and Momentum

Speed= the distance traveled in a given amount of time

Velocity= an object's displacement in a given amount of time

(basically speed with a direction)

On the TAKS test, they're basically the same thing.

Speed = distance traveled/time

Common units: m/s, km/hr

Acceleration= the change in an object's velocity in a given unit of time

Acceleration = (final velocity - initial velocity)/ change in time

Common Unit: m/s^2

g= acceleration due to gravity

=9.8 m^2

Momentum

Momentum is the mass in motion

Momentum= mass • velocity

or

p=mv

Common Unit: kg•m/s

  • An object with a large mass will have a large momentum

  • An object with a large VELOCITY will have a large momentum

Practice Questions!

The object with the highest density will sink to the bottom, while the least dense object will float

Density of Liquid Water

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