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Nitrocellulose

Lethal Uses

- It is used as a solid propellant in military grade firearms

- Waterproof so it can be used in underwater mines

- Underwater torpedoes

- Above ground targeting missile systems

Non-Lethal Uses

Nitrocellulose

- Replaced nitroglycerine as a more safe and manageable explosive although it is often mixed

- Used by Kodak as the first flexible film base

- Holds staples together, lacquer coating on guitars and wood, coats playing cards

Properties

- More commonly known as guncotton or smokeless powder

- It is 3x more powerful than gun powder

- Can be burned wet

- Polymer

Pool Ball Catastrophe

- The degree of nitration will determine how flammable or soluble it is. 12.6% Nitrogen has the highest flammability.

- When it dries it becomes white and fluffy

- Will ignite in temperatures as low as 150*C Flash point 4.4*C

History

- When elephant poaching was banned in 1869 a substitute for ivory was needed in the pool industry. John Wesley Hyatt stepped up to the plate to create artificial ivory made with nitrocellulose. He won a $10,000 prize for his invention. However nitrocellulose balls were quickly banned as they would explode on impact if they were hit too hard.

- Gunpowder invented in 9th century China

- First known chemical explosive

- Discovery spread worldwide in the 1300's

- Black powder used primaryily in early firearms and explosives

- Lead to the discovery of Nitrocellulose

Discovery

- Smokeless powder was discovered in 1884 by Paul Vieille

- Made to reduce muzzle smoke

- Allowed the gun to last longer

- Waterproof, could be used in any conditions

Reactions

- Over time nitrocellulose will degrade into nitric acid

- OH groups are replaced by NO2 groups

- 1.8-2.8 OH groups are replaced in a reaction

- Nitration reaction

- Combustion reaction

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