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The decade after WWI marked dramatic changes for the nation as the economy boomed. With Republicans in command, the nation returned to prewar isolationism, while policies supporting big business cleared the way for the growth of industries. Cultural changes affected the lifestyles and values of Americans. However, these changes also sparked conflicts and tensions.

1. How did Republican Presidents Warren G. Harding and Calvin Coolidge bring the country and economy back to “normalcy”?

2. How did the economy change in the 1920’s?

3. What new independence did young people find in the changing society of the 1920’s?

4. How did musicians, artists, actors and writers contribute to American popular culture in the 1920’s?

5. What competing ideals came about during the 1920’s in regards to immigration, minorities, prohibition, and religion?

End of the 1920's

Question 5

Immigration

The Sacco and Vanzetti Trial 1920

The Red Scare

-After WW1, Americans feared the spread of communism and anarchy (against the gov't).

- Sacco and Vanzetti were arrested and charged with murder in Mass.

Minorities

- Admitted anarchists and Italian Immigrants

- This began the "Red Scare" - Thousands of foreigners were arrested and deported.

- Denied the charges against them- and despite limited evidence- the two men were convicted and executed in 1927

The KKK has a rebirth during the 1920's

Emergency Quota Act of 1921

- Allowed only a certain # of people from each country to enter the US.

-Allowed more immigrants from Northern Europe, especially Britain

-Wanted to keep America white and Protestant

- Shows that America was trying to follow a policy of isolationism.

- Against immigrants, Catholics, Jews, African-Americans

Prohibition

Question of the day: What competing ideals came about during the 1920’s in regards to immigration, minorities, prohibition, and religion?

- 18th amendment in 1919 put a ban on alcohol

-Reality: the ban did not work

Religion

Smuggling

The Rise of Gang Violence

-organized crime develops to profit from the sale of alcohol

- Bootleggers were those who made and sold alcohol illegally

-Al Capone becomes a top crime figure

- Wets vs. Drys - Oppose prohibition vs. favor prohibition

- Alcohol consumption stayed the same

Teacher in Tennessee was arrested for teaching Darwin’s Theory of Evolution

- Crime leads to the 21st amendment in 1933 which repealed the 18th amendment

-Speakeasies develop- bars which served alcohol illegally

Baseball

Clarence Darrow defended teacher, William Jennings Bryan prosecuted

Scopes Monkey Trial : goes to the supreme court...ends in favor of evolution being taught in schools.

Babe Ruth was the top home run hitter making more than the president

Bronx Bombers

(New York Yankees)

Question 4

Part 1: Pop Culture Internet Activity- http://wallerroaring20s.weebly.com

Question of the day: How did musicians, artists, actors and writers contribute to American popular culture in the 1920’s?

DO NOW: Read the following poem written by Langston Hughes and answer the questions that follow.

The Rise of African American Culture

1.What effect does the intensely domestic imagery of the poem the house, the kitchen, the eating, the table have on the themes of this piece as a whole?

2. What is the main message of this poem?

3. How do you think this poem influenced African Americans?

I, Too

I, too, sing America.

I am the darker brother.

They send me to eat in the kitchen

When company comes,

But I laugh,

And eat well,

And grow strong.

Tomorrow,

I'll be at the table

When company comes.

Nobody'll dare

Say to me,

"Eat in the kitchen,"

Then.

Besides,

They'll see how beautiful I am

And be ashamed--

I, too, am America.

Langston Hughes

During WW1- new job opportunities brought African- Americans to the North.

Music

Known as the "Great Migration" blacks settled in cities like Chicago, Boston, and NYC in great numbers.

Jazz and Blues develop from African-American culture in the South (Mississippi and New Orleans).

Scopes Trial

John Scopes, the 24-year-old defendant, taught in the public high school in Dayton, Tenn., and included evolution in his curriculum. He agreed to be the focus of a test case attacking the new law, and was arrested for teaching evolution and tried with the American Civil Liberties Union backing his defense. His lawyer was the legendary Clarence Darrow, who, besides being a renowned defense attorney for labor and radical figures, was an avowed agnostic in religious matters.

The state's attorney was William Jennings Bryan, a Christian, pacifist, and former candidate for the U.S. presidency. He agreed to take the case because he believed that evolution theory led to dangerous social movements. And he believed the Bible should be interpreted literally.

he jury found Scopes guilty of violating the law and fined him $100. Bryan and the anti-evolutionists claimed victory, and the Tennessee law would stand for another 42 years. But Clarence Darrow and the ACLU had succeeded in publicizing scientific evidence for evolution, and the press reported that though Bryan had won the case, he had lost the argument. The verdict did have an effect on teaching evolution in the classroom, however, and not until the 1960s did it reappear in schoolbooks.

Literature

- Energetic and lively music represented the spirit of the times.

African-Americans used poetry and literature to comment against prejudice and express hope for the future.

Langston Hughes was a popular African-American writer during this time.

-Popular musicians- Louis Armstrong, Duke Ellington, Bessie Smith.

http://www.jukebo.com/louis-armstrong/

During the 1920s- a black artistic movement began called the "Harlem Renaissance" - which grew out of changes that had taken place in the African- American community since the abolition of slavery.

Question 3

Question of the day:

What new independence did young people find in the changing society of the 1920's?

Women in Gov't

Movement to Cities

Expressing independence through dress

Women's Education

- Movement away from rural areas and to urban areas

- 1919, Women gain the right to vote with the passage of the 19th amendment

- College attendance doubled in the 1920's

- Some women who began to challenge traditional roles of dress, speech, attitude, and behavior became known as "Flappers"

-Women began to vote for the first time in 1920

- Rise of the "Suburbs" neighborhoods just outside the city

-Women began attending college

-Emphasis on physical appearance

-Women found new opportunities in politics. Nellie Ross and Miriam Ferguson became the first women to serve as governors of their states.

-Became Nurses, Teachers, Social Workers, Librarians

-Rise of Leisure activities- parties, dance clubs, listening to music, the beach, horse races

-cut their hair short into a "bob", wore makeup, short dresses.

Whiteboard Review- Q2

Whiteboard Review- Q3

Whiteboard Review- Q1

1. What is consumerism?

1. Who were the 3 "Roaring Twenties" Presidents?

2. Name two factors of the economy in the 1920s to American Consumerism in the 1920s.

1. Name one new independence women enjoyed in the 1920's.

2. How did Warren Harding win the election of 1920?

3. How did businesses make buying products affordable?

2. _____________ were women who rebelled against the norms of society and dress, spoke,

4. Advertisements during the 1920's focused on which two goals?

3. __________________ is when Harding's friend Albert Fall, sold government land to oil companies for kickbacks.

5. How did businesses help consumers afford new products?

4. Why did the economy take a dip following the end of WW1?

6. List one effect of consumerism on society during the 1920s.

Chapter 25: The Roaring Twenties

DO NOW

Question 2

Despite having an economic downturn, America is often referred to as a "Consumer Society." The best example of this is to go to a shopping mall . Any day of the week, anytime of day, people are buying goods. You would never know that Americans are suffering economically by the crowds at that mall. Think about the ways companies get us to buy their products. List three ways companies convince us to buy their products.

How did the economy change in the 1920's?

Economy of the 1920's

- The American economy picked up and began "booming" in the 1920's

- Individuals had a higher income

- Americans began spending more money

-Many goods became available to buy- that previously were only "luxuries" and had by the very wealthy

-All of these factors gave rise to "consumerism"

Last Chapter

This Chapter:

Next Chapter

Ch. 23 World War I

Ch. 25 The Roaring Twenties

Ch. 26 The Great Depression

1919-1929

What is consumerism?

What gave rise to Consumerism in the 1920's?

Effects of Consumerism

Is about:

Product/ Method Effects

Help them figure out how to pay for it

Make it affordable

"A social or economic order that is based on the systematic creation and fostering of a desire to purchase goods or services in greater amounts."

Homework

Installment Buying

Advertising

Manufacturing Changes

How can we learn from this?

Is history doomed to repeat itself?

- Development the first form of "credit"

Focused on two areas:

1. Convincing the buyer of the effectiveness of the product

2. Convincing the buyer they needed it/deserved to have it

-Prior to the 1920's many items were luxuries for the rich because the average American couldn't afford it

For homework tonight I want you to think about this question. There are some startling similarities between consumer spending in the 1920's and consumer spending now.

1. Automobile

2. Radio

3. Home appliances

4. Beauty Products

5. Buying on Credit

In one paragraph tonight, (minimum 6 sentences) compare consumer spending in the 1920's to consumer spending now. In addition answer the following questions within your writing:

- Allowed buyers to purchase an item and make "payments"

- Henry Ford came out with the "moving assembly line" which cut down on production time and costs

1. Is history doomed to repeat itself?

2. Are Americans today defined by their possessions?

3. How can we protect ourselves financially in this recession?

In other words- buying an abundance of things that are not necessarily "needs" but more "wants"

Products Advertised:

-Beauty products

-Home appliances (washing machine, refrigerator, vacuum, toaster, etc)

-Cars, Radios, telephones

- Some places accepted collateral

-Result: Model T car becomes more affordable to the consumer. Ex- 1908- $850, 1925- $290

$300.00 in 1925 had the same buying power as $4,186.68 in 2017

Convince them they want it

Essential Questions for the Chapter:

Looking ahead: Consumer spending was a direct cause of the Great Depression

Key Vocabulary:

Question 3

Flappers Nellie Taylor Ross Bessie Coleman

Question 1

Normalcy unemployment Warren G. Harding Calvin Coolidge Teapot Dome Scandal Kellogg-Briand Pact

DO NOW:

Question 1

Take a look at the following political cartoon and answer the questions that follow.

Question 5

Anarchists

Communists

Red Scare

Sacco+Vanzetti

Prohibition

18th and 21st amendment

bootleggers

speakeasies

fundamentalism

Scopes Trial

Great Migration

Question 4

Pop culture Jazz and the Blues Radio Talkie Babe Ruth Charles Lindbergh Harlem Renaissance Langston Hughes Lost Generation expatriates Art Deco

1. What does the quote "better keep to the old channel" mean?

2, In two sentences or more, describe the point this artist is trying to make.

Question 2 Model T moving assembly line boom advertisements credit Herbert Hoover

Quiz: _____________

Test:___________

Question of the day:

How did Republican Presidents Warren G. Harding and Calvin Coolidge bring the country and economy back to “normalcy”?

The Roaring Twenties Presidents

Post- WW1 Economy and Life

Calvin Coolidge's Presidency

How does Calvin Coolidge become president?

-Harding dies of a stroke.

Post WW1 Economy and Life

Power returns to the Republicans

Nicknamed "Silent Cal", Coolidge was a no- nonsense man from New England- typical hard working and thrifty.

Isolationism

Kellog- Briand Pact of 1928

An agreement to end the use of wars to settle disagreements.

Policies

-Nations pledge to no longer use war except in self defense (outlaws war)

-WW1 brought many jobs to Americans through factory work and military service.

- Believed if people worked hard they would succeed.

-Gov't should not help the poor, charities help the poor

-Laissez-faire towards businesses

- War Ends= unemployment rates soar

-promised to clean up Harding's corruption

Election of 1920

Harding and Coolidge (Republican)

vs

Cox and Franklin Roosevelt (Democrat)

WW1 caused many different cultures to meet= results in the "Roaring Twenties"- a time of of great prosperity and growth in culture

Warren Harding's Presidency

Harding believed in "Laissez-Faire" government.

"Return to Normalcy"

Harding said America needed “Return to Normalcy”

Election Results

REVIEW

Shift focus back on the American people, put America First

People don’t want changes of Progressives or to get involved in European affairs

Isolationism – no fighting in European Wars

Goals:

-limit gov't

-little role in business or personal lives

- believed Tax Cuts for the wealthy would bring americans back to work

Corruption during Harding's Presidency

The "Ohio Gang" was the nickname for a group of Harding's corrupt friends that were put into gov't positions.

Teapot Dome Scandal

Interior Secretary Albert Fall allowed oil companies to pay him for rights to drill for oil on federal land.

He was paid in cash, stocks, bonds.

1. What was the main reason Warren G. Harding won the election of 1920?

2. Why did the economy take a turn downward following WW1?

3. What piece of legislation shows that Coolidge was focused on staying isolated from European affairs?

Normalcy

Beginning of the 1920's

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