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Charged particles in a magnetic field will follow a circular or spiral path. The path depends on the alignment of their velocity vector with the magnetic field vector.

The strength and direction of the magnetic field allow us to determine how it will interact with other particles or even other magnetic fields.

Magnetic fields are found in many places including space. The Earth itself acts like a magnet due to the poles (the south pole is the located on the North Pole).

When a fluid has a charge on it, that fluid is called plasma.

Magnetic field lines and plasma usually move together, but the plasma can also distort the magnetic fields.

Plasma is essentially a liquid, and based on its compression can stretch, condense, or distort magnetic fields.

Energy can be stored in these fields.

The sun also has magnetic fields, and the gas that comprises the sun is ionized.

When magnetic fields escape the surface of the Sun, the plasma goes with it and makes cool photos.

Image from the Solar Dynamics Observatory, via Wikimedia Commons.

The poles on the sun rotate at a different speed than at the equator.

This means that those magnetic fields are now getting all twisted up.

When those fields break(relax), stored energy is then released.

These are known as coronal mass ejections. The particles the sun spits out are charged and can end up hitting Earth.

SI: m/s

SI: Newtons- (N)

Equation for Earth Dipole Magnetic Field

v

Represented by

  • The force that the electric charge feels due to a magnetic field is always perpendicular to path the charge follows.
  • attraction or repulsion that arises between electrically charged particles because of their motion.
  • the speed of something(in this case a charged particle) in a given direction

B_o the mean value of the magnetic field at the magnetic equator on the Earth's surface

R is the mean radius of the Earth (approximately 6370 km)

r is the radial distance from the center of the Earth (using the same units as used for R)

theta is the azimuth measured from the north magnetic pole.

Velocity

SI: N

Magnetic Force

SI: Tesla- (T)

Represented by

qE

Typically represented by

B

Real Life

Examples

of Particles in Magnetic Fields

  • The work done by the magnetic force on a particle is zero because the displacement is always perpendicular to the direction of the force.

  • Magnetic field can alter the direction of the particles velocity vector, but cannot change its speed.
  • a field of force surrounding a magnet or charged particle in motion, where another magnet or moving charge experiences a force.
  • The force associated with electric charge.
  • Defined by Coulombs Law

Electric Force

The magnetic fields on Earth gather up the charged particles.

Magnetic Field

The charged particles make up a radiation belt and are held in place by the magnetic field of earth.

  • mag. force is perpendicular to the magnetic field and the charge velocity

The charged particles eventually interact with the molecules in the atmosphere. When those molecules then release energy, they let off a glow.

That glow is the northern and souther aurorae.

Maxwell Equations

and in general terms

magnets

Ampere's Law

Faraday's Law

as conductors or fields by

solenoids

by

Electric Current

Magnetic Force

wire

interactions with moving charges

in terms of

basic source

leads to

magnetic field diagrams

Lorentz Force Law

Electric Current

involves

can be described using

can be defined by

Magnetic Field

generated by

Source: Boundless. “Examples and Applications.” Boundless Physics. Boundless, 13 Apr. 2016. Retrieved 27 Apr. 2016 from https://www.boundless.com/physics/textbooks/boundless-physics-textbook/magnetism-21/motion-of-a-charged-particle-in-a-magnetic-field-158/examples-and-applications-558-11174/v

http://galacticinteractions.scientopia.org/2012/02/09/charged-particles-and-magnetic-fields/

http://www.academia.edu/8800990/29.4_Motion_of_a_Charged_Particle_in_a_Uniform_Magnetic_Field_29.5_Applications_Involving

How it all connects...

F = qE + qv (B)

the total force acting on a charge

is the

Lorentz Force

B

F

Typically represented by

Lorentz Force

the total force acting on a charge

is the

F = qE + qv (B)

History & Background

Earliest uses of magetism were in rudimentary compasses used for divination. Origins traced Chinese, Indian, Arabic, and Olmec cultures.

600 BC: A type of naturally occuring magnetic rock called lodestone or magnetite was observed attracting iron by Greek philosophers.

1269: Pierre de Maricourt discovers that every magnet has two poles (north and south).

1865-1892: James Clerk Maxwell, Oliver Heavside, J.J. Thomson, and Hendrik Lorentz publish and/or correct equations explaining how electrically charged particles and currents give rise to electric and magnetic fields, the magnetic force on a charged object in motion, and the electromagnetic force that includes the total force of electric and magnetic fields.

Describes laws of magnetic repulsion and attraction.

1600: Willian Gilbert's experiments determine that Earth itself is a magnet.

1819: Hans Christian Oersted notices that a nearby electric current deflected a compass needle, and witnesses a connection between magnetism and electricity.

1831: Michael Faraday discovers electromagnetic induction by discovering that changing magnetic field creates an encircled electric field.

Applications of Charged Particles in a Magnetic Field

by Sarah Sweeney

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