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Checks the Growth of Tyranny

More difficult for government to respond quickly to national problems

When one political party looses control of the national gov't, it is still likely to hold office in many states

Allows UNITY without UNIFORMITY

Nearly 90,000 governments in the United States = division of power............. Would be difficult for one interest group to capture all

Ex. After 9/11 it was difficult for the new Department of Homeland Security to coordinate with 50 state gov'ts and thousands of local gov'ts

Different regions of United States have different wants/needs/morals; national politicians do not have to iron out every difference on every issue that divides us... states can

Difficult for Voters to Hold their Elected Officials Accountable

When something goes well, who should voters reward? When something goes wrong, who should they punish?

Ex. New Orleans was hit hard by Hurricane Katrina - who was to blame for the poor relief response? National gov't? State gov't? Local gov't?

Encourages Experimentation

Federalism

Disadvantages

Advantages

If states adopt programs that fail, the negative effects are limited; if programs succeed, they can be adopted by other states/national government

States are

"laboratories of democracy"

-Justice Louis Brandeis

Lack of Uniformity Can Lead to Conflict

States often disagree on issues such as health care, school reform, crime control and marriage

Provides Training and Creates Opportunity for Future National Leaders

Variation in Policies = Redundancies and Inefficiencies

Keeps Government Closer to the People

Provides training ground for state/local politicians to gain experience and trust before moving to the national stage

Rules for environmental regulation, labor laws, teacher certification, gun ownership, etc. vary throughout the 50 states; additionally many federal regulations

Provides numerous arenas for decision making; builds on the public's trust in gov't at state/local levels

Companies seeking to do business across state lines must learn many different sets of laws; licensed professions often must be recertified if relocating to another state

Ex. City Councils, School Boards, Neighborhood Associations

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