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Counting

  • Colonies were counted after one week for the first experiment and five days after the second experiment
  • For plates with a significant amount of colonies, we counted four 1 cm^2 quadrants of the plates, averaged them together, and multiplied by the area of the plate

Results

Plating

  • Created a nearby flame so as to prevent contamination
  • Pipetted 100 uL into each plate
  • Dipped tongs in ethanol, then burned off ethanol in flame
  • Spread yeast solution around plate with tongs

What happens to yeast when its exposed to UV Light?

Methods:

Serial Dilution

Degradation of the cells start after UV exposure (Pyrimidine dimers)

• not seen till after the culture of yeast has grown

DNA reparation: photoreactivation

  • • the splitting of pyrimidine dimers by the use of energy from the sunlight.

Explains the brown bag

Created two batches using the same calculations

  • First: diluted 10 uL of C1 with 90 uL media to get C2
  • Second: diluted 50 uL of C2 with 450 uL media to get C3
  • Third: diluted 80 uL of C3 with 720 uL media to get C4

Exposure

Home Remedies for Preventing Sunburn

  • Each juice had three dedicated plates
  • Zero, five, and ten seconds
  • Plates for zero seconds of exposure time were placed directly into the bag
  • Plates for five and ten seconds of exposure time had their lids removed and placed above their respective juice
  • Placed directly into a paper bag to prevent the photolyase enzyme from repairing the DNA damage

Introduction

There are numerous natural ways to prevent sunburns

  • Carrots, tea, aloe, and oil are some of these

All have the ability to reduce the amount of UV exposure

  • What is UV radiation?
  • What does it do?
  • What is our purpose/hypotheses?
  • Why?

Blackberry Juice's Benefits

In 2013, Calvo-Castro, et. al, showed that blackberry juice treatments to human skin cell lines in vitro decreased UVB-mediated damage to DNA.

References

Discussion

UV LIGHT PROTECTORS: VEGETABLE/FRUIT JUICES

Lime and Aloe proved to be much more effective over time at preventing yeast death due to UV damage

This was the exact opposite of our hypothesis; the pulpy tomato and papaya juices were not as effective at protecting the yeast from UV damage

If using a fruit juice as a sunscreen, lime or aloe juice would be a more effective protectant

  • Köpcke W, Krutmann J. Protection from sunburn with beta-Carotene — a meta-analysis. Photochem Photobiol. 2008 Mar-Apr;84(2):284-8. Epub 2007 Dec 15.
  • Korac R, Khambholja K. Pharmacogn Rev. 2011 Jul-Dec; 5(10): 164–173.
  • Hatzfeld, Jacquez. “Correlation between Degradation, Replication and Repair of Yeast DNA Irradiated by Ultraviolet or y-Rays.” Emory’s Web of Science, 4 September 1972. 29 October 2014. http://ac.els-cdn.com.proxy.library.emory.edu/0005278773903961/1-s2.0-0005278773903961-main.pdf?_tid=343a68b0-5fbf-11e4-8ef7-
  • Calvo-Castro, L., Syed, D., Chamcheu, J., Vilela, F., Pérez, A., Vaillant, F., ... Mukhtar, H. (n.d.). Protective Effect of Tropical Highland Blackberry Juice (Schltdl.) Against UVB-Mediated Damage in Human Epidermal Keratinocytes and in a Reconstituted Skin Equivalent Model.Photochemistry and Photobiology, 1199-1207.

Clarisa Hernandez, Eugenia Addie-Noye , Aneel Maini, Patrick Speck

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