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Survivorship Curves

Energy Pyramid

Secondary Consumers

Owl

  • Type I- Low death rates during early and middle life, increased death rates among older age groups, few offspring, good parental care.
  • Bobcats, Foxes
  • Type II- Constant death rate over the organism's lifespan.
  • Squirrels, Chipmunks
  • Type III- High death rates for young, lower death rates for older age groups, large numbers of offspring with little or no care.
  • Grasshoppers

Decomposer

Bobcat

Marten

Primary Consumers

Producers

Fox

Sun

Fox

Hawk

Flying Squirrel Food Web

Ecological Relationships

Limiting factors

Flying Squirrel Food Web

By Maya, Jenny, and Lauren

  • Limited amount of food, water, shelter, and space create a competition for resources between different species and also within a species which can lead to lower populations of certain species like the squirrel or mouse
  • Predation lowers the amount of prey like mice and also creates competition for food in between predators if they consume the same prey
  • Disease lowers the populations of producers (trees), primary consumers (squirrels), and secondary consumers (foxes) of Herrick Lake
  • Mutualism- An interaction that benefits both species
  • Fungus and Other plants (Fungus decomposes dead plants and creates nutrients.)
  • Parasitism- An interaction where the parasite derives its nourishment from its host which is harmed.
  • A parasite within an animal like a tapeworm within a fox or external parasites like fleas and ticks on a bobcat.
  • Commensalism- An interaction that benefits one of the species but neither harms nor helps the other species.
  • Lichens and Trees

Mouse

Rabbit

Squirrel

Chipmunk

Different types of species

Density Dependent vs. Density Independent

  • Dominant species: the most abundant or have the highest biomass, exert control over occurrence and distribution of other species
  • Example: Grass, Owls
  • Density Dependent Factors: a limiting factor that depends on population size
  • Indicator species: shows the ecosystem's health through its presence, absence, or abundance
  • Examples: competition for limited resources like food, trees, water, and space, disease, predation (Hawk eating chipmunk)
  • Example: Lichens
  • Keystone species: exert strong control on community structure through their pivotal ecological niches
  • Density Independent Factors: a limiting factor that does not depend on population size
  • Example: Bobcats

insects

  • Examples: harsh winter (extremely low temperatures), natural disasters (flood from increased rainfall), pollution (toxins and garbage in water)

Grass

Nuts

Berries

Lichens

Fungus

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