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* Chemicals that may interfere with a body's endocrine system

*Common Examples:

-PCBs

-PCDEs

-DDT

-BPA

-Pharmaceuticals

-Detergents

*CHRONIC Disease

*Disposed of by people

*Excreted by both humans and animals

*We are constantly exposed to these disruptors

*These chemicals then lead up to the storm water or waste water systems

*Even though treatment systems exist, they still discharge small amounts of chemicals into surface waters for public to us

Humans Health Effects:

* Depends on the chemical itself, the magnitude, duration, frequency, and means of exposure

*For women:- Breast and reproductive organ tissue cancers, fibrocystic disease of the breast, polycystic ovarian syndrome, and pelvic inflammatory diseases. Declining sex ratio (fewer women)*For men:- Poor semen quality , testicular cancer, malformed reproductive tissue , prostate disease and other recognized abnormalities of male reproductive tissues

In 1891, Bisphenol A was first synthesized. However, it was not until the 1930's when BPA was found to chemically change hormone levels within the human body. This compound simulates the chemical estrogen resulting in excessive cell reproduction that can lead to cancer.

Who are affected?

*10,528,328 exhibits symptoms (2011, worldwide)

*208,784 deaths (2011, worldwide)

-Brazil

-Russia

-India

-China

*Why these countries?

As plastic begins to age, the unstable polycarbonate begins to breakdown due to its instability of the ester bond that links together BPA monomers to one another. With the decay of these polycarbonate monomers comes the release of BPA. In the case of plastic bottles, the compound is released from the plastic entering the water within the bottle.

What Products Contain BPA?

*Eating utensils

*Common metal coatings: Such as those used in the lining of cans

*Food storage containers

*Water coolers

*Plastic bottles

Ways in which exposure to BPA can be reduced:

*Avoid reusable polycarbonate bottles with the label

* Minimize the use of canned food products

*Ask your dentist for BPA- free sealants

*Avoid using the microwave to heat foods in plastic containers

*Refrain from using plastic products with these symbols:

Questions:

What do you think about most plastics having chemicals that are known to cause severe effects on our body?

What can you do to limit the amount of chemicals to enter your own body?

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Wagner M and Oehlmann J. 2009. Endocrine disruptors in bottled mineral water: Total estrogenic burden and migration from plastic bottles. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 16(3):278-86.

Bang DY, Kyung M, Kim MJ, Jung BY, Cho MC, Choi SM, Kim YW, Lim SK, Lim DS, Won AJ, et al. 2012. Human risk assessment of endocrine-disrupting chemicals derived from plastic food containers. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety 11(5):453-70.

Esfandiari A, et al. 2012. Preparation and evaluation of activated carbons obtained by physical activation of polyethyleneterephthalate (PET) wastes. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 43(4):631-7.[Internet]; c2011 [cited 2012 October 15]. Available from:

Lind L and Lind PM. 2012. Can persistent organic pollutants and plastic-associated chemicals cause cardiovascular disease? J Intern Med 271(6):537-53.

Zbyszewski M and Corcoran PL. 2011. Distribution and degradation of fresh water plastic particles along the beaches of lake Huron, Canada. Water Air Soil Pollut 220(1-4):365-72.

Boggan, S. (2012, ). Poisoned by plastic: Chemicals in water bottles and food packaging have been linked to infertility and birth defects. Scaremongering, or the truth?. Daily Mail

Plastic bottles release potentially harmful chemicals (bisphenol A) after contact with hot liquids. (2008,). Science Daily

Rios LM, Jones PR, Moore C, Narayan UV. 2010. Quantitation of persistent organic pollutants adsorbed on plastic debris from the northern pacific gyre's “eastern garbage patch”. Journal of Environmental Monitoring 12(12):2226-36.

C, Dauchy X, Chagnon M, Etienne S. 2012. Chemical compounds and toxicological assessments of drinking water stored in polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles: A source of controversy reviewed. Water Res 46(3):571-83.

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http://www.thelifefound.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/bpa.jpg

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Endocrine Disruptors:

Chemical to Environment:

What Are They?

By: Alvin Josi

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