The Ottoman Empire and The Qing China

Ottomans

Chinese leaders

Sultans

Tanzimat Reforms

They had the old hierarchy of old over young, men over women, scholar over commoner.Women's lives were centered on the household. Males could choose brides from a slightly lower social class. China was patriarchal society. Profits from overseas trade led to a wealthy class of compradors. The Opium war was started due to the chinese getting hooked on opium. 4500 chests full of 133 pounds each of opium were sold to merchants.more than 4million people were addicted to opium.Lin Zexu stopped trade. The Tai Ping rebellion put more stress on China's already weak econmomy. To stop their downfall they tried the Self-Strengthening movement however the Boxer rebellion canceled this progress. Sun Yet wanted to fix this.

Nurachi an architect among the quarrelsome Manchu tribes combined each tribes cavalry into the eight banner armies. He conquered much of manchuria and he remained the vassal of the chinese ming emperor. He tried to gain control of China and was allowed entry to put down riots, they did this and within a year they captured the ming capital Beijing. They named their dynasty the Qing dynasty.

Questions:

• 1. What caused China's downfall?
• 2.

Did the ottomans overthrow the Sultan by the end of the 19th century?

• 3. What brought on the Ottoman Crisis?

• 4. What happened to Artisan works in towns

• 5. What were Ottoman armies deprived of?

• 6. What did Sultan SelimIII believe?

• 7. What happened between 1839-1876?

• 8. What did young Turks do in 1876?

• 9. Where did Ahmad Orabi go to school?

• 10. Who was Nurachi?

Ahmad Orabi went to a Qur'anic school and studied under Abduh, Egypt fell under British control they resisted revolts were led by camel and cattle herding nomads.Muhammed Achmad was a ruler who provided an ideology that would give focus and meaning to the rebellion. He claimed to be a descendant from muhammed he had a clef between his teeth and a mole on his right cheek. Khalifa Abdallahi was a skillful military commander however the british murdered most of his armies.

• Young Turks restored the 1876 constitution and resume far-reaching programs throughout the empire
• Clandestine printing presses operated by the Young Turks tracts denouncing the regime outlining further steps to be taken
• They defeated the sultan and ruled for 600 years
• Murad the head of the mamluk (slave) coalition shared power in Egypt at the same time of Napoleon's arrival he called Napoleon a donkey boy
• Muhammed Ali emerged as a ruler of Egypt he introduced western style conscription among the peasants he hired the French to train his troops his descendants were known as khedives
• The Suez canal made it easy to get to Europe and they were able to avoid stopping at Capetown

• The ottoman crisis was brought on by a succession of weak rulers within a political and social order that was centered on the sultan at the top
• The sultans were inept or inactive this opened the way for power struggles between rival ministers, religious experts, and the commanders of the Janissary corps.
• competition between these elite factions eroded effective leadership within the empire
• Thus weakening their power over the population and its resources it claimed to rule
• provincial officials concluded with the land owning classes, the ayan to cheat the sultan out of tax money

• Between 1839 and 1876 education increased training in the European sciences and mathematics were introduced
• In 1830's state-run postal and telegraph systems and railways were established in the1860's in 1876 a constitution based off of the Europeans was established
• Abdul Hamid nullified the constitution and restricted civil liberties , particularly the freedom of press
• Turkish intellectuals founded the Ottoman Society for Union and Progress in Paris in 1889

• Sultan Selim the III believed that bolder initiatives were needed if the empire was to survive
• He built a new army and navy this angered the Janissaries so the killed him
• MahmudII built a small professional army and had them kill janissaries, their families, and their religious allies
• he established a diplomatic corps on western lines and changed ambassadors with the European powers

• As china imploded its leaders struggled to find a new viable system to put in its place
• that struggle lasted from 1898 to 1949
• These problems caused suffering unmatched in all of human history
• however the ottomans had leaders that were able to overthrow the Sultan by the end of the 19th century

Intro China

Ottomans and Russia

• Their armies were deprived of the resources needed to effectively beat their european matches
• Peter the Great forced westernization and threatened the ottomans survival
• The Russians advanced across the steppes toward warm water ports in the Black sea.
• In the 1820's and 1830 the Greeks gained their independence
• The ottomans introduced the first printing press in 1727

• The Ottomans gained strength as China fell apart
• A mix of internal weaknesses and growing pressure from the industrializing European powers through a crisis in the 19th century caused this downfall
• Overpopulation, administrative paralysis, and massive rebellions snapped China's strength from within, while European gunboats and armies broke its outer defenses

urban riots

Artisan workers in towns deteriorated due to competition from imported manufactures from Europe. In the 18th and 19th centuries this led to urban riots. Young men often took the leading role in creating these riots. Merchants especially those who were Jews and christians grew more dependent on these commercial dealings with Europe.

The Ottoman Empire and The Qing China