Ethiopia VS Australia

Ethiopia VS Australia

BY LAUREN RUMPH

VS

Comparison of Health Indicators

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Education

Access to Services

Transport

Food Security

Health Determinants

Life Expectancy (2013)

Ethiopia

Australia

Infant Mortality Rates

Ethiopia

Australia

Male: 80.4

Female: 84.8

Total: 82.6

World Rank: 35

Male: 63.0

Female: 66.4

Total: 64.7

World Rank: 146

4.43 dealths per 1 000 live births (2014)

55.7 deaths per 1 000 live births (2014)

Low Birth Weight

(www.worldlifeexpectancy.com)

Ethiopia

Australia

(Infant Mortality rate- Country comparison)

27 243 deaths

4.3% of all deaths are due to low birth weight.

331 deaths

0.28% of all deaths are due to low birth weight.

( www.worldlifeexpectancy.com)

Malnutrition

Ethiopia

Australia

73 dealths

0.06% of all deaths are due to malnutrition

28 560 deaths

4.75% of all deaths are due to malnutrition

("Malnutrition In Australia")

("Malnutrition In Ethiopia")

Immunisation Rates

Australia

Ethiopia

Access to sanitation facilities

94% of children aged 12-13 months of age are immunized.

62% of children aged 12-23 months of age are immunized.

(2013)

Differences in Health Indicators

Ethiopia

Australia

("Immunization (% Of Children Ages 12-23 Months) | Data | Table")

100% of population have access to sanitation facilities

28% of population have access to sanitation facilities

MALNUTRITION RATES ETHIOPIA & AUSTRALIA

LIFE EXPECTANCY IN AUSTRALIA & ETHIOPIA

Malnutrition rates in Ethiopia is very high compared to Australia:

28 560 delths or 4.75% of the population die due to malnutrition. Whereas in Australia 73 deaths or 0.06% of the population are caused by malnutition.

This is because nutrition is crucial for children to grow and develop properly, but unfortunately due to lack of money and weather conditions Ethiopia is not able to grow the vast variety that these children need. The lack of water systems and taps mean that crops are harder to grow and even if water was transported, there would be no way to ensure it was sanitary and free of diseases.

Malnutrition rates in Australia are very low, as australians unlike Ethiopian's can eat a balanced and healthy diet. Australian’s also have a wide variety of various foods available to them which ensures dietary requirements are fulfilled.

Life expectancy in Australia is a 17.9 year higher than Ethiopia. This is due to the Australian government ensuring Australians have access for sanitation facilities, hospitals, housing and support programs. Australia has easier access to health facilities, medication, and treatment all because the government has a high expectation of our health status. Therefore the government focusses strongly on ensuring public awareness of different health issues.

Life expectancy in Ethiopia is decreased due to the high malnutrition rates, low birth weights and many other reasons. Nutrition is crucial for children to grow and develop properly, but unfortunately due to lack of money and weather conditions Ethiopia is not able to grow the vast variety that these children need. The lack of water systems and taps mean that crops are harder to grow and even if water was transported, there would be no way to ensure it was sanitary and free of diseases.

(www.worldlifeexpectancy.com)

ACCESS TO SANITATION FACILITIES AUSTRALIA & ETHIOPIA

Ethiopians should have access to sanitation facilities and it should be high up on the list of basic human rights.

But according to "The Importance Of Water, Sanitation, And Hygiene As Keys To National Development | Water Institute":

“In many parts of sub-Saharan Africa, less than half of the population uses a toilet fit for human beings. One billion people do not use a toilet at all. In South-East Asia almost 40% of the population defecates in the open. In cases where toilets exist, it is important that they hygienically separate human excreta from human contact.”

Australians are very luck as they have an easy access to sanitation facilities. This again links back to the governments huge involvement in ensuring people have access to hospitals etc.

LOW BIRTH WEIGHT IN AUSTRALIA

Low birth weight: 27 243 deaths (4.3% of population)

331 dealths (0.28% of population)

As you can from the above statistics that australia and Ethiopia again are at opposite ends of the spectrum. This relates quite closely to the reasons why Australia's infant mortality rates are quite low. As spoken above Australia has a low birth weight rate due to the “improvement to prenatal and postnatal care, declines in infectious diseases, improved sanitation, drug development, mass vaccination and improvements in birth conditions” ("1370.0 - Measures Of Australia's Progress, 2010").

Introduction

As the above health indicators shows, Ethiopia and Australia are very different when you compare them side by side. Many of the reasons that ethiopia and Australia are like chalk and cheese is due to the lack of government funding. Government funding in Australia is one of the main reasons why we have such high life expectancy, imunisation rates, access to sanitation facilities and low infant mortality rates, malnutrition and low birth weight rates. The Australian government has a high expectation on their country being healthy so they ensure people can access facilities like hospitals and doctors readily. The Australian government also provides high public awareness to ensure people understand the risks of, for example smoking and ensuring women get breast scans.

Whereas Ethiopia has a lower life expectancy, access to sanitation facilities, immunisation rates and higher infant mortality rates and malnutrition. These are mainly due to lack of government funding for facilities like hospitals and programs that decrease malnutrition and infant mortality rates.

INFANT MORTALITY RATES IN AUSTRALIA

Infant mortality rates are significantly lower in Australia. Ethiopia has an average of 55.7 deaths per 1000 live births whereas Australia’s infant mortality rate is 4.43 deaths per 1000 live births. ("Infant Mortality Rate - Country Comparison")

These statistics are so different because Australia ensures mothers have access to prenatal and postnatal care to ensure both mothers and their babies are healthy.

According to ("1370.0 - Measures Of Australia's Progress, 2010"),

“For every 1,000 babies born in Australia in 1904, nearly 82 died before their first birthday compared with around 29 deaths per 1,000 live births at the end of World War II. By 1998, the rate was 5 deaths per 1,000 live births. This had declined further by 2008 to just over 4 deaths per 1,000 live births. In 2008, 39% of all infant deaths occurred within the first day of birth, with a further 31% occurring before the baby reached four weeks of age (ABS 2009b).”

These rates have not always been so low. They have in fact decreased over the past years. This is suggested to be the case as australia has been “improvement to prenatal and postnatal care,declines in infectious diseases, improved sanitation, drug development, mass vaccination and improvements in birth conditions” ("1370.0 - Measures Of Australia's Progress, 2010").

IMMUNISATION RATES IN AUSTRALIA & ETHIOPIA

Ethiopia Life expectancy would increase and infant mortality would decrease if more children were immunised. Although this is usually a lot harder than simply just getting a vaccination. This is due to the lack of funding from Ethiopia’s government, making it harder to afford immunisation for children. Due to some religious reasons some families would not take their children to get immunised only due to they don’t believe in getting help. Due to the population being quite rural, therefore isolated it means finding means of transport is quite difficult.

In Australia 94% of children are immunised. This percentage of population is much higher than Ethiopia's 62% of population. This is because along with Ethiopia's government not providing suffient funds, Ethiopians find it difficult find tansport to even go to a hospital or nurse. Whereas Australian's do not have this problem as they can easily book vaxcinations. These vacinations are very easy to get and they also target a wide variety of illnesses and diseases rather than just the one.

INFANT MORTALITY RATES

&

LOW BIRTH WEIGHT IN ETHIOPIA

The death toll due to low birth weight in Ethiopia is 27 243 or 4.3% of the population. This is due to Ethiopia’s lack of facilities and health care programs to ensure both the children and mothers are of good health. Most mothers are undernourished and/or sick and usually have multiple children. This links closely with infant mortality as when children are born from mothers who have a disease they are likely to be born with it too, normally leading to not one but two deaths. This could be helped if Ethiopia had better facilities to accommodate these circumstances then in turn both low birth weight and infant mortality rates would decrease.

Introduction

The purpose of this report is to compare the health indicator for children in Australia and a developing country. In this case the developing country is Ethiopia. By making these comparisons we can see that Australian children are very lucky to have the facilities and support that we need.

Ethiopia is located in the Horn of Africa, bordered by Sudan on the west , Somalia and Djibouti on the east, Kenyaon the south and Eritrea on the north east. It has several high mountains, the highest being Ras Dashan at 15,158 ft (4,620 m). Spanning 1.104 million square kilometers ("Ethiopia Land Size - Google Search") and has a population of 94.1 million (2013).

Australia on the other hand is home to 23.13 million (2013) and covers 7.692 million square kilometers of land.

Introduction