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Amyolateral Sclerosis

(Lou Gherig's Disease)

JJ Flowers and Jonathan Edwards

How do our cells communicate?

Amplification

Signaling Methods

  • 1 signal to many kinases

Protein Kinase

Long Distance:

Local:

  • Protein enzyme
  • Gain a phosphate
  • Phosphorylation cascade
  • Endocrine
  • Autocrine

Gated Ion Channels

  • Juxtacrine
  • Paracrine

How do cells do something?

  • Ligands
  • Protein receptors (inside and outside the membrane)
  • Transduction cascades

Results?

  • Turn on genes
  • Make a protein
  • Begin mitosis
  • Inititate apoptosis
  • The list goes on and on

An Alternate Method

  • Calcium ions (Ca+)
  • Cyclic AMP (cAPM)

Transduction

I. Reception

II. Transduction

  • Amplification

III. Response

Ligands

  • Polar/large (requires embedded receptor)
  • Proteins or ions
  • Nonpolar
  • Lipids or steroids

Sources

  • Mayo Clinic Staff. "Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis." <i>(ALS) Causes</i>. Mayo Clinic, 09 Apr. 2014. Web. 06 Dec. 2015.
  • ALS Association. "Glutamate." <i>ALSA.org</i>. ALS Association, n.d. Web. 06 Dec. 2015.

Stephen Hawking has a rare early-onset slow-progressing form of ALS.

Glutamate

Amyolateral Sclerosis

What does it do to the body?

ALS breaks down the motor neurons in the brain and spinal cord causing them to degenerate and eventually apoptose, causing loss of motion, eventually leading to full paralysis.

General Info

  • Genetic (5-10% of diagnoses)
  • Gene mutation
  • Chemical imbalance (glutamate)
  • Possibly disorganized immune response
  • Possibly protein mishandling
  • Symptoms: Weakness (neuron death) and death

Glutamate

  • Neurotransmitter (amino acid, opens Ca+ channels)
  • Released too often -> apoptosis
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