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AG 3.C

NG

Nick Gilanyi

Transcript

Amending the Constitution

  • There are two ways to propose amendments and two ways to ratify them.
  • Amendments can be proposed with a 2/3 vote in the House and Senate, or with 2/3 of the States asking for a convention to debate then vote on an amendment.
  • Amendments can be ratified with 3/4 of States agreeing or 3/4 of States holding conventions.

Amendment XII

Discussion Question: Had the 12th amendment never existed, what would out government look like today? Assuming a Trump President and Clinton Vice President?

Amendment XI

Amendment XIII

  • Changes how the Vice President is elected.
  • Previously: the Presidential Candidate with the 2nd most elector votes became president.
  • Now: Each elector votes for a President AND Vice President.
  • Introduced by Congress on December 9th, 1803, and ratified by the states on June 15th, 1804.
  • This amendment established the legal doctrine of "sovereign immunity", which protects government entities or officers acting in their official capacity from being sued over the performance of their duties
  • Repealed part of Article III Section II
  • Landmark Case: Chisholm v. Georgia
  • “Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction”
  • Also allowed Congress to enforce this with appropriate legislation

Amendment XV

Discussion Question: Should the 14th amendment extend to those born in the US to parents who are here illegally?

Amendment XIV

Discussion Question: For almost 100 Years after this amendment, African Americans were still denied the right to vote in the south. Why?

  • No one shall be denied the right to vote based on race, color, or “previous condition of servitude.”
  • Amendments 13, 14, and 15 are referred to as the “Reconstruction Amendments” because they take place following the Civil War and extend rights to former slaves.
  • Defines Citizenship as all those born or naturalized in the US and the State they live in.
  • Citizens cannot be deprived of their Natural Rights without due process, and cannot deny them equal protection of the laws.
  • Removes the 3/5 clause from Article I Section II

Amendment XVI

Amendment XVII

  • Established the Income Tax
  • “The Congress shall have the power to lay and collect taxes on incomes,”
  • Congress can impose and collect the tax
  • “from whatever source derived,”
  • It doesn’t matter where the money is earned as long as it’s income.
  • “without apportionment among the several States,”
  • The Government does not need to share it with the State.
  • “and without regard to any census or enumeration.”
  • The census isn’t used to determine tax.
  • Senators are elected by popular vote
  • Previously: Senators were appointed by state legislatures.
  • The Governor also appoints a stand in if a Senator needs to be replaced, until an election can be held.

Discussion Question: Was making alcohol illegal worth the resulting crime? Is decimalization marijuana at the federal level worth the decrease in crime?

Amendment XVIII

  • Prohibition
  • Outlawed the Consumption and Production of alcoholic beverages.
  • Gave rise to major gang activity like Al Capone in Chicago.

Unit III Part C

Amendments 11 - 18