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Transcript
  • Addictive both physically and psychologically
  • Alcoholism or alcohol dependence
  • Doesn't don’t always involve excessive levels of drinking
  • Alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS)
  • Symptoms occurring when a heavy drinker suddenly stops or significantly reduces their alcohol intake
  • Caused by excessive or daily drinking excites the nervous system, which makes the body dependent on alcohol over time As a result, the central nervous system can no longer adapt easily to the lack of alcohol, which causes a number of symptoms
  • Symptoms include anxiety, insomnia, heart rate changes, increased blood pressure, and delirium.
  • Delirium tremens
  • The most severe type of alcohol withdrawal syndrome
  • Symptoms include extreme confusion and agitation, fever, seizures, and hallucinations

Addiction

Effects

Personality, mood and behaviour

  • Used to express feelings, mask feelings or avoid feelings
  • Reduced inhibitions, Blurred vision, Slowed reaction times, Impaired memory, Slurred speech, Motor impairment, Confusion, Memory problems, Concentration problems, Coma, Breathing problems, Death, Brain and Nervous System

Brain and Nervous System

  • Affects both “excitatory” neurotransmitters and “inhibitory” neurotransmitters
  • Glutamate is an excitatory neurotransmitter; normally it increases brain activity and energy levels
  • When alcohol binds to the glutamate receptors, it slows down the cell as the glutamates can no longer bind to the receptors and excite the cell.
  • GAMA is an inhibitory neurotransmitter; normally it reduces energy levels and calms down the cells
  • Alcohol connects with the GAMA receptors to double the production of GAMA, which makes the body feel sedated.
  • Affects Prefrontal cortex, Hippocampus, Cerebellum, Reticular activating system, Neurons, Blood vessels
  • Increases the release of dopamine; it makes emotions positive as it is connected to the rewards center in the brain

Most commonly taken orally; drinking through the mouth which travels through the body and is absorbed in the bloodstream

Administration

  • Are among the most abundantly produced organic chemicals in industry
  • Sweeteners and in making perfumes
  • Ethanol
  • Toiletries, pharmaceuticals, and fuels
  • Sterilize hospital instruments.
  • The alcohol in alcoholic beverages.
  • Ether: colourless, highly volatile and flammable liquid that depresses cerebral activity.
  • Methanol
  • Used as a solvent, and a raw material for the manufacture of formaldehyde and special resins
  • Used in special fuels, in antifreeze, and for cleaning metals.

Uses

Chemical Structure

  • A class of organic compounds characterized by one or more hydroxyl (−OH) groups attached to a carbon atom of a hydrocarbon chain
  • May be considered as organic derivatives of water (H2O) in which one of the hydrogen atoms has been replaced by a hydrocarbon chain
  • Methanol (methyl alcohol)
  • CH3OH
  • Ethanol (ethyl alcohol)
  • CH3CH2OH or C2H6O or C2H5O

  • Booze, Brew, Chug, Cold One, Gargle, Goof, Giggle Juice, Hard Stuff, Hooch, Jack, Juice, Kool Aid, Mouthwash, Poison, Refreshment, Sauce, Shine, Swish, Vino

  • Ethanol, Methanol

Street Names/Scientific Names

Alcohol: A Psychoactive Drug

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