Dover History

History Of Dover

Norman Dover

Medieval Dover

Norman Churches

- St. Mary the Virgin : St. Mary's Church is of early Norman origin built on the foundations of a Roman structure.

- St. Martin-le-Grand : the Church of St. Martin-le-Grand was founded in the 7th century and probably destroyed by the fire of 1066. It was rebuilt and became known as St. Martin-le-Grand. It dominated Market Square, being over 150 feet long. It housed the altars of several parish churches, including those of St. Nicholas and St. John the Baptist. Subordinate to St. Martins were the churches of St. Peter and St. James. The church was finally dismantled around 1540 although the remains of some of the walls survived into the 19th century.

- St. James the Apostle : The parish church of St. James the Apostle is believed to be on the site of a Saxon church partly destroyed in 1066. In the 12th century it is thought that the church comprised an aisleless nave with a short tower. The ruins of St. James are still visible.

The world's oldest known seagoing boat

Victorian Dover

1066 The Norman Conquest

On 14th October 1066, at the Battle of Hastings, King Harold was defeated by his rival for the English crown, William Duke of Normandy. The battle, during which Harold was killed, was a resounding victory for the horsed Norman knights over the English foot soldiers. This battle marked the end of the Saxon era.

The Burning of Dover

Following his victory at Hastings in October 1066, William the Conqueror and his forces marched to Dover, pausing only to burn Romney as he came. Dover, then as now, was a vital strategic point, guarding the shortest crossing to France. William of Poitiers described the event :

'Then he marched to Dover, which had been reported impregnable and held by a large force. The English, stricken with fear at his approach had confidence neither in their ramparts nor in the numbers of their troops ... While the inhabitants were preparing to surrender unconditionally, our men, greedy for booty, set fire to the castle and the great part of it was soon enveloped in flames'.

The chronicle goes on to say that William paid for the repair and 'having taken possession of the castle, the Duke spent eight days adding new fortifications to it'

It is possible that a castle existed at Dover before the conquest, but archaeological evidence suggests that a new castle was constructed near the Saxon church of St. Mary in Castro.

Having secured Dover, William took Canterbury and struck into Surrey and Berkshire before entering London. He was crowned on Christmas Day 1066 in Westminster Abbey.

The Domesday Book, compiled in 1086 to establish the taxable value of the kingdom, goes on to say that before the conquest Dover's value had been £18 but was now £40. Clearly in the 20 years between, Dover had been rebuilt.

The Move to Agriculture

The nineteenth century was a period of great change for Dover.

The coming of the railways and trams, the redevelopment of the harbour on a massive scale, the growth of the cross channel passage and the expansion of local industries led to a rapid growth in the size of the town. Between 1801 and 1901 the population increased by 600 percent.

Attempts were made to develop the town as a seaside resort through the provisions of a pleasure pier, ice rink, bathing machines and impressive seafront crescents of hotels and apartments

Victorian Dover Historic District

Dover's Churches

After the Norman Conquest many new stone churches and religious houses were built. Much of Dover's medieval history concerns the various churches and religious houses which were established in and around the town.

- St. Mary's Church : St. Mary's Church is of early Norman origin built on the foundations of a Roman structure.

- The Maison Dieu : Founded in 1203 by Hubert de Burgh, the Maison Dieu was built as a hospice for pilgrims. Today it is part of Dover's Town Hall and is open to visitors.

- Dover Priory : Founded in 1130, Dover Priory was dedicated to St. Martin and intended to house Augustinian monks. Henry VIII confiscated the land and buildings which became a farm. Today it houses Dover College, a private school.

Saxon Dover

Dover Castle

After the Norman Conquest much of Saxon Dover was rebuilt. The town benefited from the increase in cross channel trade and the carrying of passengers between France and England, stimulated by William the Conqueror. Great improvements were made to the castle. By 1190 the massive stone keep and inner walls or bailey surrounding it were complete.

The thirteenth century saw many attacks on the town by French forces including the almost successful 1216 siege of the castle by Prince Louis and a great raid of 1295 when 10,000 French burnt most of Dover to the ground.

The Cinque Ports

In about 1050 the five ports of Dover, Sandwich, Hastings, Romney and Hythe joined together to provide ships and men for the King, Edward the Confessor. They became known as the Cinque Ports (after the French word for five, but always pronounced as 'sink' not 'sank'). In return for providing naval and ferry services these towns received many rights and privileges.

Today the Cinque ports have only a ceremonial role, but locally a base for the Lord Warden of the Ports is still provided at Walmer Castle, and new Lords Warden are always installed at Dover.

The world's oldest known seagoing boat

A major gallery at Dover Museum which explores the Dover Bronze Age Boat - an internationally important archaeological discovery. After seven years of research and conservation, the Dover Boat is back in Dover and on display at Dover Museum.

The Dover Bronze Age Boat is an award-winning project. In December 2000, it was awarded the British Archaeological Awards ICI Award 2000, for its contribution to archaeological knowledge.

Certain of the Priory buildings were adapted to agricultural use and left standing. These were: two barns, the gate-house, the refectory and a large hall, which might have been used to house guests. The town records show that one of these buildings, known as the "Priory Barn" was frequently used as a refuge by the transient poor, or vagrants, particularly in the 1590s and 1620s when harvests were bad, sickness rife, and work in short supply. Because of the demands of the new poor law, such homeless wanderers were rounded up there periodically by the mayor and his officers to be questioned and then sent out of the town in most cases. It seems likely that a memory remained of a time when the Priory, like other religious houses, had been a place of refuge and hospitality.

Eighteenth and early nineteenth century illustrations of the Priory Farm suggest that its decaying Norman buildings and its two ponds were perceived as a picturesque ruin, a pleasant spot on the edge of the town. In August 1839 when the Duke of Wellington became Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports a grand fete was held in the Priory meadow.

During the first part of the nineteenth century the Priory site was owned by a farmer called John Coleman, but in 1840 the south-eastern parts of the enclosed site came into the hands of builders when it was let on a building lease to Parker Ayres. Fortunately, between 1845-47 a local cleric, Dr. F.C.Plumptre, noted all he could about the foundations of the original buildings and, according to Haines, use of his reconstruction suggests that the builders probably created Effingham Street along the site of the monks' former dormitory and the chapter house and transepts of the church, Effingham Crescent along what might have been the rere-dorter, and Saxon Street and the houses and gardens of of the north side of St. Martin's Hill along what was once the nave of the church.

Soon after this, Steriker Finnis, a Dover timber merchant, leased or bought the western portion of the Priory site. He gave up this lease in 1868, when the ponds were drained and his portion of the grounds became Priory Gate Road and part of the yard of Dover Priory Station. During the first half of the nineteenth century the two barns were also demolished, one in the north-west corner of the grounds some time after 1850, and one in the south-west corner in 1868.

Prehistoric Dover

19th Century Dover

Bronze age boat said to date around 1560

Remains St Martin-le-Grand 2013

Nineteenth Century Defences

Dissolution

From the fifth century onwards, Germanic tribes crossed the North Sea to settle in Kent. Dover, then known as DOFRAS, became a major settlement in the new Kingdom of Kent.

Many important Saxon discoveries have been made in the Dover area, not least the Anglo-Saxon cemetery at Buckland found in 1951 during the building of a housing estate. 170 graves were found on the site, many containing weapons, jewellery and everyday objects such as combs and pottery. Another 244 graves were found adjacent in 1994, making Buckland one of the largest Anglo-Saxon cemeteries in Britain. Several Saxon timber buildings have also been found in the centre of Dover, and the church within the castle walls, St. Mary in Castro dates from the Saxon period.

By the middle of the 10th century, the town was prosperous and well-organised with its own mint and established cross channel trading links

In the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, Dover became a garrison town heavily defended against the threat of French invasion.

At first earthen batteries were built along the seafront and across the Western Heights of Dover to supplement the limited protection offered by the medieval castle against cannon and shells.

In 1804, with invasion expected at any time, a massive programme of defensive building in stone and brick began on the Western Heights creating two forts and deep brick-lined ditches.

A unique 140ft triple staircase, the Grand Shaft, linked the town to the forts.

Bronze Age Torc

Changing sea levels and erosion are thought to have destroyed much of Dover's earliest Stone Age remains. Only a handful of stone axes have been found in the area.

The first known inhabitants of Dover's River Dour valley were late Stone Age farmers who crossed to Dover by boat with corn seed and domesticated animals about 6,000 years ago.

Britain's earliest known shipwreck (dating to about 1100BC) occurred off Dover in the Bronze Age, littering the seabed with over 350 bronze tools, weapons and scrap metal. Over 45 Bronze Age sites, mainly burials, have been found locally, but very little evidence of Iron Age settlements has yet been discovered.

In 1992, during major road works through the town centre, a large wooden boat dating from the Bronze Age was discovered in a deep waterlogged hole

1150

Remains st James the Apostle church Dover 2013

st James the Apostle church Dover dt. 1910

1050

1550

In 1538 it was suppressed, along with many other religious houses, and its monks dispersed. Its reputedly impressive library simply vanishes from the records at that date. The inventory made of the Priory's goods just before the suppression suggest that the monks were living in straightened circumstances by then, but that some provision was still made for the entertainment of visitors to the town. After its suppression, some leading townsmen plundered the buildings for stone, lead and other building materials. Very soon only a few buildings remained standing, so that by 1565 some fishermen, speaking in court, said that they had in the past taken their tithes of fish to the Priory "whiles it stood". (Canterbury Cathedral Library X.10.12).

Perhaps the greatest architectural loss to the town was the Priory church itself, which seems to have been a very large abbey church, once described in a sixteenth century letter to Cromwell as "the fairest church in all that quarter of Kent." Haines thinks it was probably three times as long as St. Mary's church in Dover and nearly eight times the size of the refectory, which still stands, and that its general plan might have been compared with those of Repton Priory or of Stanley Abbey in Wiltshire. The whole edifice probably covered about 25,000 square feet. Its tower would have stood almost at the present junction of Effingham and Saxon Streets. Its cloisters would have been about 110 feet square and its chapter house would have been joined to the north wall of the transept.(C.R. Haines Dover Priory: A history of the priory of St.Mary the Virgin and St. Martin of the New Work (Cambridge 1910)

The lands belonging to the Priory were granted first to an apparently unscrupulous cleric called Richard Thornden or Thornton, but when he received an important benefice shortly afterwards they were passed on to Archbishop Cranmer who, in December 1538, leased them out to Henry Bingham of Wingham, gentleman, on a 999 year lease. Bingham, in turn, leased the Priory lands out to other men, just as the Archbishop had always done with some of them. It seems likely that some active, entrepreneurial men who were later very influential in the town came to Dover at that time explicitly to exploit the lands and tithes released by religious houses at the suppression.

The Cap Gris Nez

Anglo-Saxon beads - Dover Museum

1800

950

Dover lies near the extreme south-east corner of Britain, at South Foreland where the nearest point to France is settled. The Cap Gris Nez as it’s called is 34 kilometers away (across the Strait of Dover) from Calais (France). This was mostly the reason why the Roman Empire used it as invading point. During the first world war the harbor of Dover was used as a military base. This was the reason why Dover was chosen for this task because of the vulnerability Britain had of the Cap Gris Nez.

Nowadays the harbor of Dover is responsible for shipping millions worth of cargo through the English Channel. At the Straits of Dover lies now one of the busiest shipping lane in the world. Now by use of the Dover Strait Traffic Separation Scheme ships can pass through the Strait of Dover. The Dover Strait Traffic Separation Scheme is a system that uses of different separate lanes.

1650

Dover Town Hall (Maison Diue)

~6000 bp

The School Hall at Dover College was built around 1139 as the refectory to St Martin's Priory. The priory was refounded by Archbishop Corbeuil in 1131. It is one of the most impressive 12th century domestic buildings to have survived with very little change. It is built of flint with bands of Caen stone.

Dover College

The School Hall, Dover College, Effingham Crescent, Dover, Kent

Only a few buildings, now incorporated into Dover College, survive to indicate the original nature and extent of Dover Priory, properly known as the Priory of St. Mary the Virgin and St. Martin of the New Work, or Newark, whose grounds and buildings once covered the area between the present Priory Hill, Priory Road, St. Martin's Hill and Dover Priory Station. Other roads - Effingham Crescent, Effingham Road, Norman Street and Saxon Street - have since been driven through part of the Priory's site.

850

In 1869 Robert Chignell, who had a private school at Westmount, in Folkestone Road, leased part of the Priory buildings for a private school. He passed on his interest, however, to a group of leading citizens in Dover who had formed the Dover College Company to promote the foundation of a public school on what remained of the Priory site with the dual intention of providing a public school education for local boys and of using and thus preserving the Priory's remaining ancient buildings.

Dover College opened modestly in 1871. It acquired the large hall, or guest-house, in 1879 and converted it into a chapel for the school by enlarging the east end into an apse. In time, the Ecclesiastical Commissioners made over the whole property to the College Trustees. The refectory was restored and an important but damaged fresco was found there. The gatehouse was restored in 1881, to mark a charitable act by Sir Richard Dickenson the then mayor of Dover. Part of it is currently used as the school's library

0

1900

The originals of the Priory and Dover College

Tudor and Stuart kings and queens took a particular interest in Dover. Henry VIII and Elizabeth I recognised the value of the harbour, by this time threatened with blockage by shingle, and financed expensive repairs and enlargements. Henry also made improvements to Dover's defences and built castles at Deal, Sandown and Walmer to protect the Downs anchorage.

During the reign of Charles I, Dover declared against the King in the Civil War but enthusiastically welcomed the return of his son Charles II to England via Dover beach, in 1660.

From this period, until the building of the great harbour in the 19th century, Dover's fortunes were to depend entirely upon the state of its small and unreliable harbour

Roman Dover, the British port closest to the rest of the Roman Empire was a thriving town, thought to have covered at least a five hectare area along the Dour valley. The Romans called the town DUBRIS after DUBRAS, the British name meaning 'waters'.

The Roman town had a large harbour, flanked by two lighthouses and three successive forts.

Over 60 sites from the Roman period have been found in the Dover area. Sites which are open to the public include the Roman Painted House at Dover, the Roman lighthouse or Pharos in Dover Castle grounds and the Roman fort of Richborough near Sandwich.

The museum holds a large collection of Roman Samian ware found in the area

Dover Priory

1950

20th Century Dover

Roman Dover

Tudor and Stuart

Dover's twentieth century history has been dominated by the two World Wars.

The secular canons of St. Martin's seem to have become vulnerable to criticism by the early twelfth century. The then Archbishop of Canterbury, Corbeil, wanted to extend his influence to Dover and, in 1130, using the behaviour of the Dover canons as a pretext, he persuaded Henry 1 to give him a charter that allowed him to build a Priory in Dover that would take over the assets of the existing church of St. Martin, while leaving it to be used as a parish church by the people of the town.

Corbeil secured a site and began building there in 1131, on land that probably belonged to the former canons of St. Martin's le Grand. The buildings were partially occupied by 1136 and 12 canons regular were installed there. The Priory was dedicated to the Blessed Virgin Mary and St. Martin and was called "St. Martin's of the New Work", or "Newark", to distinguish it from the old St. Martin's church. Old St. Martin's was still the principal parish church of the town, but was now ecclesiastically under the control of the new St. Martin's.

Much controversy ensued between the monks of Christ Church Canterbury and the canons of Dover Priory. Archbishop Theobald completed the buildings in about 1140 and in 1143 established that thereafter the Priory church of St. Martin, Dover, would follow the Benedictine Rule and remain in possession of the Cathedral church at Canterbury as a mere "cell", at the disposition of the Archbishop; he also granted the Priory a confirmation of their right to all that had belonged to the old church of St. Martin. Controversy over the Priory continued between Dover and Canterbury for two centuries, however.

King Stephen was said to have died at Dover Priory in 1154. It was much damaged by fire in 1201, then repaired and added to in 1231. It was pillaged by the French in a raid in August 1295 during which a monk called Thomas de la Hale was murdered. Many repairs were made in the 1480s.

Work began on building the Priory in 1131. Although it was therefore a Norman foundation, its antecedents might be said to have been Anglo-Saxon and its previous history is also involved with an earlier church dedicated to St. Martin, which stood nearer the centre of Dover, and whose few remains can now be seen on the western side of Market Square. Confusingly, this earlier St. Martin's church survived as a parish church there even after the new Priory of St. Martin's, with its own very large church, was built slightly further out of the town in the twelfth century.

The origins of the Priory might be said to lie in the early seventh century when a community of secular canons was set up in Dover Castle by King Eadbald of Kent (616-640). Towards the end of the seventh century, King Wihtred of Kent fulfilled a vow to St. Martin by building a church dedicated to him in part of the area of Dover now occupied by Market Square. He transferred the 22 secular canons there from the Castle and they took their rights and privileges with them. Their living depended on grants of land, and of tithes, that they held in common. They were also endowed with half of some of the dues levied at the port. Because the Castle church, which had been their original home, was considered in some sense as a Royal Chapel, they recognised the authority only of the King, and later the Pope, and were exempt from the control of all bishops.

Wihtred's Saxon church of St. Martin must have been small, but after the Norman Conquest it was rebuilt on a grander scale, probably on or near the same site by Odo, Bishop of Bayeux, into whose hands it had fallen. It was thereafter known as St. Martin's Le Grand. Its churchyard covered a good deal of the area of the present market place, and it was actually built above the much earlier foundations of Roman baths.

2013

World War I

Anglo-Saxon and Norman Foundations

World War II

Tudor Family tree

During the 1914-1918 war Dover became one of the most important military centres in Britain. Vast amounts of men crossed from Dover to France.

The harbour was home to the Dover Patrol, a varied collection of warships and fishing vessels which protected Britain's vital control of the channel. The first bomb to be dropped on England fell near Dover Castle on Christmas Eve 1914.

Regular shelling from warships and bombing from aeroplane and zeppelin forced residents to shelter in caves and dug-outs. The town became known as 'Fortress Dover' and was put under martial law.

Extra

During the 1939-1945 World War, Dover again became a town of considerable military importance. In May 1940, over 200,000 of the 338,000 men evacuated from Dunkirk passed through Dover filling the town and railway station with soldiers, sailors and airmen. Vice Admiral Sir Bertram Ramsay controlled the evacuation from his headquarters in tunnels beneath the castle.

Both shells and bombs fell on Dover causing 3,059 alerts and killing 216 civilians. 10,056 premises were damaged and many had to be demolished. Dover became a symbol for Britain's wartime bravery, the centre of East Kent's 'Hellfire Corner'

Eric Johnson - Cliffs of Dover

Stuart Family tree

Dover Climate

Dover has an oceanic climate similar to the rest of England and the United Kingdom with moderate temperatures year-round and light precipitation each month.

The old Covered Market building was in the Market Square, with Dover’s museum above until it was badly damaged in the 1939-45 war, as shown here. The market stood on the site of the old gaol, sometimes seen in early paintings and engravings of the square. The town bought the site in September, 1837, for £555, a new market being planned in place of the old one under the former Guildhall in the middle of the square. The estimated cost of a covered market was £3,000, the building to extend through to Queen Street. Tenders came from ten builders -- two from London -- but all were above the architect’s estimate, so it was decided to abandon Caen stone and some ornamental work. This reduced the lowest tender, from George Fry, to £3,448, and that, with the £555 paid for the site, was the final cost.

"Cliffs of Dover" begins with an ad-libbed electric guitar solo, using techniques such as string skipping and hybrid picking. In the solo intro, Johnson does not adhere to any distinct time signature. Drums are then added as the song settles into a 4/4 rhythmic shuffle verse accompanied by a very accessible set of melodies that, throughout the song intro, feature variations (octavations for example) on the main chorus. In the Solo section beginning around 2:51 in the studio version, Eric Johnson stated himself that he switches from his stop-tail Gibson ES-335 (either a 1963 or 1964) to one of his Fender Stratocasters (Most likely a 1957 or possibly Virginia his 1954) at around 3:03 when the tone has a noticeable change. The outro or coda then recalls the freestyle mood and timing of the ad-libbed intro.[4]

While he did indeed compose "Cliffs of Dover", Johnson does not take full credit, saying "I don't even know if I can take credit for writing 'Cliffs of Dover' ... it was just there for me one day ... literally wrote in five minutes ... kind of a gift from a higher place that all of us are eligible for. We just have to listen for it and be available to receive it."

Dover Shipping

Arriving at Dover port 1985

England Tapes #1

The Dover Harbour Board is the responsible authority for the running of the Port of Dover. The English Channel, here at its narrowest point in the Straits of Dover, is the busiest shipping lane in the world. Ferries crossing between here and the Continent have to negotiate their way through the constant stream of shipping crossing their path. The Dover Strait Traffic Separation Scheme allots ships separate lanes when passing through the Strait. The Scheme is controlled by the Channel Navigation Information Service based at Maritime Rescue Co-ordination Centre Dover. MRCC Dover is also charged with co-ordination of civil maritime search and rescue within these waters.

The Port of Dover is also used by cruise ships. The old Dover Marine railway station building houses one passenger terminal, together with a car park. A second, purpose built, terminal is located further out along the pier.

The ferry lines using the port are (number of daily sailings in parentheses):

- to Calais: P&O Ferries (25) and DFDS Seaways (10).

- to Dunkerque: DFDS Seaways (11).

These services have been cut in recent years:

- P&O Ferries sailings to Boulogne (5 daily) were withdrawn in 1993 and Zeebrugge (4 daily) in 2002.

- SNCF withdrew their three train ferry sailings on the opening of the Channel Tunnel.

- Regie voor Maritiem Transport moved their Ostend service of three sailings daily to Ramsgate in 1994; this route was operated by TransEuropa Ferries until April 2013.

- Stena Line merged their 20 Calais sailings into the current P&O operation in 1998.

- Hoverspeed ceased operations in 2005 and withdrew their 8 daily sailings.

- SpeedFerries ceased operations in 2008 and withdrew their 5 daily sailings.

- LD Lines ceased the Dover-Dieppe service on 29 June 2009 and Dover-Boulogne 5 September 2010.

The Dover lifeboat is a Severn class lifeboat based in the Western Docks

A list of notable people from Dover.

Jeffrey Archer (Born 1940) sometimes MP; novelist, convicted felon

Rhys Lloyd (Born 1982) American football player

Frank Rutley (1842-1904) Geologist

Wally Hammond (1903-1965) English crickete

Shane Taylor (1974- ) Actor

The White Cliffs of Dover

Patrick Saul (1913-1999) Sound archivist

Sammy Moore (Born 1987) Football player

Charlotte Bellamy (Born 1973) Television actress

Topper Headon (Born 1955) Drummer

Philip Yorke, 1st Earl of Hardwicke (1690-1764)

Sources

Bob Mortimer (Born 1959) Comedian

Henry Hawley Smart (1833–1893) Army officer and prolific novelist

The White Cliffs of Dover like the name say they are white cliffs alongside the coastline of Dover facing the Strait of Dover and France. The cliff face can reaches up to 110 meters. The reason why the cliffs are white is because of amount of chalk in the rocks. The Cliffs are estimated made of 80% Chalk and 20% Flint stone.

But the Great White Cliffs have also got an symbolic value in Britain, because it faces Europe across a narrow part of the English Channel. And it is a place where through history many invasions took place on Britain.

Dover Castle

Dover Castle is the biggest medieval castle in Dover that was founded in the 12th century. It was called the ‘key to England’ because of the defensive structure of the castle. In its history the castle it has been used for many various reasons.

The Castle had been made out of earthworks during the Iron Age before the Romans even invaded England in 43 AD. The Castle speculates that there was reason that it was occupied during the Iron Age but here is no concrete proof whatsoever.

It is also the site of two 24 meter Toman lighthouses, with one that still survived. The site shows a classic example of how the Normans landed and set camp (or lived) after their victorious conquest.

At the outbreak of the Second World War in 1939 tunnels were converted into an air-raid shelter. later a military command center and underground hospital were placed under the Castle of Dover. On may 1940 a large evacuation under Admiral Sir Bertram Ramsey was planned for French and British soldier from Dunkirk. Operation Dynamo as it was called, evacuated them to the headquarters in the cliff tunnels itself. A lot of military hardware was installed and it was a important communication center at the time during WWII

Rob Henderson (Born 1972) Rugby union player

Edward Betts (1815-1872) Civil engineer contractor

Dover Museum and Bronze age boat gallery. (2013). retrieved October 6, 2013, from http://www.dovermuseum.co.uk/Home.aspx

Miriam Margoyles (1941-) actress (Professor Sprout in Harry Potter and The Spanish Infanta in Blackadder).

White Kennett (1660-1728) English bishop

Joss Stone (b. 1987) English soul and R&B singer-songwriter and occasional actress

Andrea Newman (Born 1938) Author and television writer

Alan Clayson (Born 1951) Musician

"Kent Loves Guide" is a site that covers information about many churches in Kent. (http://kent.lovesguide.com/dover_st_james_old.htm)

Cuthbert Ottoway (1850-1879) First captain of the England football team

John Lloyd (Born 1951) Comedy writer and TV producer

David Elleray (Former FA Football Referee) (Born 1954)

John Russell Taylor (1935- ) Critic and author

Russel G.D. (2003) Heritage Explorer : The School Hall, Dover College, Effingham Crescent, Dover, Kent. message posted to : http://www.heritage-explorer.co.uk/web/he/searchdetail.aspx?id=4985&crit=crescent

Wikipedia site about Dover contains most information and references about everything in Dover (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dover)