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Speciation is a quite simplistic scientific concept of one new biological species arising from some change within a population. There are different ways for speciation to occur, but basically two new populations must be formed from one original population. Some of forms of speciation would be Allopatric Speciation, Sympatric Speciation, and other types of evolutionary change.
Allopatric Speciation- This occurs when the same species gets isolated from each other maybe by geographical change is it prevents their genetic change and stuff.
Sympatric Speciation- This occurs when new species evolve from a single ancestral species while inhabiting the same geographic region.
The deeper you go into the topic you begin to notice how they all the topics regarding evolution conjoin in a way where they all either result in one thing or help provide a deeper explanation into a respective category within the provided subject.
Many scientist go around testing the theories of evolution and this one isn't very different. Many scientist like Darwin went to places to see how animals reacted and changed to match their environment. Darwin tested allopatric speciation with the finches in the Galapagos islands. Darwin had believed that these Finches had drifted from a native species and landed here. Turns out there were multiple finches who had adapted through evolution to be able to consume the different foods on each of their respective lans and stuff.
Speciation handles a major part of biodiversity. With allopatric speciation we have biodiversity being influenced by these species and populations being in different locations. Then sympatric just goes more in depth proving that species can still change even if they remain in the same relative location. So if you wanted to understand evolution and how biodiversity works in a full depth you'd need to understand speciation and all the topics that intertwine with it. Plus speciation is still being studied to this day in order for researchers and scientist to grasp a greater understanding of the role of natural selection and other things. Speciation involves evolution and evolution is needed for us to realize our creation and forming overtime scientifically.
There are a good amount of people who provided to the research within Speciation.
Darwin- Constructed and developed the first view of gradualism. Gradualism deals with an explanation that's within the name itself. It's a gradual slow change of evolution that happens within a species or population.
Niles Eldredge and Stephen Gould- These two men promoted the view of punctuated equilibrium. This theory provided a well thought out explanation as to why there were less transitional fossils than there were for other species. Puntuated equilibrium consisted of a long time of no change then suddenly in a brief period there would be a somewhat drastic change within the species.
This all mixes with the concept of speciation, but it's evolving either over time or quickly, in order to increase its chances of survival from environmental things and such.
As I mentioned earlier the topics of Speciation intertwine with one another. It's a form of evolution and leads to things like natural selection and why animals choose their mates and such. Depending on the location of a population and the choices they have for food they will evolve accordingly after a process of dieing off, choosing proper mates, and producing better offspring.