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FONTS

Rural to urban migration - Brazil

Migration in an LEDC - from Caatinga in Northeast Brazil to Sao Paulo

Impact of Migration

A little about Brazil

Brazil

Push and Pull factors influencing the migration

Social, economic and political effects

Positive effects:

  • More land is left for the people who stay in the countryside to farm. This increases food supplies and quality of life.
  • Money earned from rural to urban migrants can be sent home to families in the village improving living standards.

Negative effects:

  • As the most active leave the village farming will be difficult and left to women, children and the elderly.
  • The very young and very old tend to be left behind creating an imbalance in the Population structure – negative effects on social activities and recreation.

Push -

  • Difficult for farmers to produce enough food to sustain their subsistence way of life.
  • There is no piped water, electricity or sanitation.
  • Low unreliable rainfall causes droughts.
  • Poor working and living conditions
  • Low wages, poor soil few crops grown, Drought and famine are common, inadequate water supplies, poor electricity supplies, flooding and conflict.

Pull -

  • Job in cities like Sao Paulo
  • People think there are better job prospects and regular work that is not as back breaking.Better access to services and better transport links
  • Lack of schools and clinics in the area. Belief children will get a better education in the city
  • The glamorous image of the city and ‘bright lights’ attracts people.
  • A perceived better quality of life (not always a reality)
  • Access to a reliable water supply
  • Better services like healthcare and education, as well as electricity and a better social life and entertainment present
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