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Transcript

How would you measure brain size?

What are the problems with IQ tests? Do they measure intelligence?

Why does brain size or

intelligence vary?

Do twin studies support the nature or nurture side of the argument? How?

Use your opposite hand to write....

Nature or Nurture

Rushton 1997

  • Measured head circumferences and IQs of 50,000 American children.
  • Asian Americans had larger heads than white children and black children.
  • The larger the cranial volume, the higher the IQ scores.

Abused and neglected children have permanent physical damage to the brain.

Nature or nurture?

Historical context

Gratiolet 1861

The skulls of Mexican indians

were much larger than others

Does this mean they are

more intelligent?

Does brain size matter?

Tan et al (1999) found a stronger correlation of 0.40 between brain size and IQ - using and Turkish participants

Frances Galton (1888) found students

with higher grades had bigger skulls

Modern techniques can look at brain

size in living organsms rather than

dead ones.

86% concordance rate with identical twins

even if seperated.

Genes are strong influence on IQ

Using MRI scans Ngyuyen and McDaniel (2000) found the correlation between brain size and intelligence stronger in living participants (in vivo) rather than dead ones.

Twins

Neglect seems to decrease the size of fibres that link hemispheres.

McGuire (2000)

Taxi drivers have a larger hippocampus - the area of the brain responsible for navigation.

Pascual-Leone 1995

Piano playing inreased the size

of specific regions of the brain

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