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Blood Flow

Transport in Animals

Biology - Section 9

Khadijah Wahab

Blood

Circulatory System

Coronary Heart Disease

  • Liquid part of the blood. Mainly consists water.
  • Carries food molecules, urea, hormones and carbon dioxide as those are easily dissolved in plasma.
  • Small fragments of much larger cells.
  • Protect us from infection by causing blood to clot.

Formed form a system of continuous tubes (blood vessels) that carry blood around the body.

Human circulatory system carries substances around the body. The table shows important substances transported around the human body.

Blockage of the coronary arteries can occur when layers of cholesterol are deposited on the inner lining of blood vessels and this causes coronary heart disease.

Heart Rate

  • Defend the body against disease.
  • Part of the immune system.
  • Responds to infection by trying to kill pathogens.
  • Some kill by engulfing the pathogens. Some produce chemicals called antibodies that attack pathogens.

The tubes are connected to a pump, the heart, which forces the blood through the circulation.

  • Most common cell in blood.
  • Carry oxygen.
  • Oxygen attached to haemoglobin inside cells which gives red blood cells their colour.

Factors that increase risk of blockage:

Diet - High levels of saturated fats in diet.

Smoking - Chemicals in tobacco smoke can damage the delicate lining of arteries

Valves in the heart and in some of the blood vessels make sure that blood circulates only in one direction.

Different Circulatory System

Single circulatory system

*arteries that provide blood to the heart itself

Double circulation

Variation of Heart Rate

On average the heart rate for an adult human is between 60 and 80 bpm, but it may vary as a result of:

Heart Rate

Types of Blood Vessels

Measure of how frequently the heart beats per minute.

The contraction of the heart is regulated by electrical activity in nerves in the heart. The pattern of activity from a normal heart beat can be recorded as an electrocardiogram (ECG).

Age - children usually have a faster average than adults.

Fitness - A trained athlete may have a resting rate as low as 40 beats per minute.

Illness - Infection can raise resting heart rate, but some disease can slow resting heart rate.

Drugs - some drugs can change heart rate.

The 'dugeun dugeun' or 'doki doki' sounds of one complete contractions are the sounds of the valve inside the heart as they open and shut.

  • Carry blood that's flowing away from the heart.
  • Have thick, muscular and elastic walls, with a narrow central space (lumen).
  • Carry blood that's flowing back to the heart.
  • Have large lumen.
  • Valves in the veins prevent backflow.
  • Tiny blood vessels that form a network throughout every tissue.
  • Connect arteries to veins.
  • Very thin walls.
  • All exchange of substances happens in capillary.
  • Becomes narrrower = arterioles.

Thank You!

Heart Structure

ECG

62

bpm

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