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http://www.ancient.eu/Greek_Religion/
http://www.ancient.eu/Roman_Religion/
https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/ancient-art-civilizations/roman/beginners-guide-rome/a/introduction-to-ancient-roman-art
http://www.ancient.eu/Roman_Government/
http://www.ancient.eu/Greek_Government/
Both of these states
didn't really use monarchies, but when they did it was usually fair. Both states had two kings or consuls that ruled the states.
They are similar since they
both have different dialects,
plus both languages use the
Greek language.
The Roman republic went from monarchy to dividing its government into three parts. Non hereditary magistrates, a senate to advise and consent, and popular assemblies. Though, the early stages of the republic relied on the old land owning families, or patricians. And the remainder of the people, the plebeians had few, or no rights. There were also Consuls. In Rome they appointed two consuls. Consuls are the political and military heads of state. Some of the most famous consuls were Julius Caesar, Marcus Licinius Crassus, Pompey the Great, and Mark Anthony.
Monarchies were very rare in the Greek world. The most famous monarchies in Greece were in Macedonia and Epeiros. In these states the ruler shared power with an assembly. In Sparta, it was most famous for its system of its two kings. They didn't rule all the time, but they were great help during war. When nothing was going on they were checked by ephors which were also selected by the assembly. But the Spartan kings could be put on trial or exiled as well.
There are also
many things
similar with the
arts of Greece
and Rome. Rome
was inspired by
Greece's art, so
it impacted Rome
greatly. Both
countries painted
Greek mythological
scenes.
Greeks were the first
Europeans to read and
write with an alphabet,
which eventually led to
many of the European
languages. There were
many dialects in ancient
Greece such as, Aeolic,
Doric and Ionic. These
were the three major
dialects spoken from
different tribes. In Sparta
everyone had to learn
how to read and write.
In the 4th and 5th century
sculptors Pheidias, Polykleitos,
Praxiteles, Skopas and Lysippos
figured out how to apply the human
anatomy into their art, and statues.
The early statues they had made
looked fake. By the classical period
though, they looks more natural and
better, with more realistic facial
expressions. According to History.com it says, People offered small terra cotta figurines as gifts to gods and goddesses, buried them with the dead and gave them to their children as toys. They also used clay pots, jars and vases for almost everything." They usually painted the pots as well. They have manufactured lead white and red lead to paint things. They usually painted mythological and religious scenes.
The Roman Empire was a
very diverse Empire. Meaning
people spoke many different languages. Though it was very diverse, there were two languages mainly spoke, Latin and Greek. According to the article "Language of the Ancient Romans" it says, "Latin was necessary for anyone seeking to play an important role in administration, politics, and military." This was because Latin was the original language of Rome. All the laws and literature were written in this language as well. There were also many dialects in the empire as well. The most important dialect was Gual, it used many words from other languages, so it became known as the Romanic language.
Greek art had a powerful influence
on Roman government. On the website, www.khanacademy.org, it says, "the Roman poet Horace famously said that “Greece, the captive, took her savage victor captive,” meaning that Rome (though it conquered Greece) adapted much of Greece’s cultural and artistic heritage (as well as importing many of its most famous works)." They believed a copy of an artwork doesn't have any value than the original. The copies had variations to them, and not the exact thing. They had small changes such as humor to the artwork. Roman homes were often visited so the decoration was supposed to be the utmost importance. Popular things to be painted in Rome included Greek mythology, gladiator contests, landscapes, buildings, and gardens.
The Ancient Roman Religion also consisted of many gods. At first they weren't called gods, they were called spirits. The first citizens of Rome, thought they were being watched by their ancestors. The "spirits" included Mars, Quirinus, and Jupiter. They, and the spirits were worshiped at a temple on Capitoline hill. Since there were many Greek colonies on the Lower Peninsula, they have adopted any of the Greek gods as their own. Referring to the website, http://www.ancient.eu/Roman_Religion/, it says " Under this Greek influence, the Roman gods became more anthropomorphic." Meaning they have more human characteristics. Roman mythology, tends to emphasize major gods. Jupiter, Neptune God of the sea.), Pluto (God of the underworld, & Juno. There was also a number of minor gods. Gods such as, Nemesis, Cupid, and the Furies.
The two religions have many
things in common. Such as,
having very similar gods. For
example, Mars, was the god of
war for Rome, and Ares is the
god of war for Greece. As well
as, Venus. Another Roman god
similar to the Greece god Aphrodite. As said before, the
Romans have adopted some of
the Greek religion. That is why they are so similar.
The Ancient Greece Religion
believed in many gods. Gods
such as Athena, Apollo, Poseidon,
Hermes, Hera, Aphrodite, Demeter,
Ares, Artemis, Hades, and Hephaestus.
According to the website, http://www.ancient.eu/Greek_Religion/, it says "Each god represents a certain facet of human condition." Meaning,
each god represents something. For example, the god Hera represents marriage and family. The gods were worshiped in all major Greek communities. Their ceremonies were carried out by priests and their attendance. Over time, the Greeks built honor for a particular god, and usually built a cult statue of that particular one they honored. The most famous statue is one of Athena in the Parthenon of Athens.
Greece has more than 2,000 smaller and larger islands. Only 168-200 islands are inhabited. The largest island is called Crete, with an area of 3,219 miles sq. Two thirds of Greece is covered with mountains. The tallest mountain in Greece is Mount Olympus, which has the altitude of 2,917 meters.
The Roman Empire was a little city built next to the Tiber River. It was build on low ground. The lowest point was at the Pantheon which was was 3 meters above sea level. The highest point was 120 meters above sea level at Monte Mario Hill.
Monarchy
- Ruled by a king or queen
Mythology
- Stories about gods and heroes that try to explain how the world works
Consul
- Two people that are political and military heads of state
Assembly
Plebeian
- Gathering of citizens
- An ordinary person, a commoner
Fables
Assembly
-Short stories that teach the reader advice or lessons on how to live
- Where the plebeians and patricians met to elect consuls
- Rich land owners
Aristocrats
Magistrate
Acropolis
- A high hill that a strong fortress was on
- Officials that have been chosen to judges, and to look at the cities finances and other jobs