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Roman Style
Alexander III of Macedon (356–323 BC)
Hellenistic Period (323 BC - 146 BC)
Gandhara Culture
- NW Pakistan – Greek, Parthian, Chinese, Indian cultural overlapping
- First to show Buddha in human form (before footprint, tree)
Question 2
Question 3
Architecture as Majestic Propaganda - Ara Pacis
Trajan’s Column
Dido and Aeneas
Greek Style: Tyner’s Notes
- Forms
- Architecture: Acropolis (Doric/Ionic/Corinthian orders, High and Low relief, heavy symbolism)
- Sculpture (Bronze and Marble): Focus on (Male) body, increasingly natural, fluid perspective
- Vase Painting: Black, stiff figures to Red, lifelike terra cotta
- Drama: episodic structure (prologue/chorus/act/chorus/act, etc.); Tragedy and Comedy
- Music: Fused with drama, invention of the Octave
- Subject Matter
- Greek Myth
- Idealism (perfect human form), Humanism (even the Gods look human) and Rationalism (Geometric Precision, Harmonic Proportion, Order and regularity)
- Personal Meaning (memorable/lyrical/interesting)
- Praxiteles’ Sculpture
- Religious origins of Greek Drama, Deux ex Machina and Aristotle’s Tragedy/Comedy/Catharsis Definitions
- Muses were daughters of Zeus and Mnemosyne (Creativity + Memory = The Arts as Recorded Inspiration)
- Massive Disappointment in revelation of colorful Greek marble
The Forum
Popular
- Grew from an island in the Tiber – E-W and N-S trade routes
- Not polis, but cosmopolis
- Expansive citizenship
- Adoption of everything useful (gods to technology)
"So perish any Roman woman who mourns the enemy."
“How can we withhold our respect from a water system that, in the first century AD, supplied the city of Rome with substantially more water than was supplied in 1985 to New York City?” AT Hodge, Roman Aqueducts and Water Supply
- Tarquin tries to rule without the help of the aristocracy (who are descended from early priests of Rome)
- His son rapes a noblewoman
- Lucius Junius Brutus kills him
Style Roman
- “Not to know what happened before you were born is to be a child forever. For what is the time of a man, except it be interwoven with that memory of ancient things of a superior age?” Cicero
- Propagandistic, Proportioned (Organized), Popular, Practical (Utilitarian)
- 753 – Legendary Foundation
- Character of Rome in its geography -
- Romulus and the Sabines
- 509 – Down with Tarquin
- Brutus
- Expansion of Empire
- 264-146 – The Punic Wars (Hannibal)
- 214-212- The Siege of Syracuse
- Class Struggles
- Patricians vs. Plebs; Slaves too
- Spartacus
- ‘Social War’
- 44 – Ides of March – Death of Julius Caesar
- 27 – Augustus
- 4 BCE – 33 CE – Life of Jesus of Nazareth
- 66-70 CE – Jewish-Roman War
- 71-2 - Masada
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