AP World History Unit 1-2 Timeline

Unit 1-2 Timeline

By: Sean Ruiz

Classical China

Classical Greece

Classical Civilizations

Classical Rome

Classical India

The First Civilizations

The Rise of Agriculture

1029 B.C.E. - 220 C.E.

800 B.C.E. - 146 B.C.E.

322 B.C.E. - 535 C.E.

509 B.C.E. - 1453 C.E.

Hunters and Gatherers

1000 B.C.E. - 500 C.E.

-The Greek Empire

10,000 B.C.E

2.5 million B.C.E. - 1000 B.C.E

-Mesopotamia & Sumeria

-Egypt

-Indian and Chinese River Valley

-China

-other smaller civilizations

-3 dynasties

-The Zhou Dynasty (1029 B.C.E. - 258 B.C.E.)

-The Qin Dynasty (221 B.C.E - 202 B.C.E.)

-The Han Dynasty (202 B.C.E. - 220 C.E.)

-Isolated; little influence from neighboring states

-2 civilizations

-Mauryans (322 B.C.E. - 220 C.E.)

-Guptas (320 C.E. - 535 C.E.)

Details

-China

-India

-Mediterranean (Greece & Rome)

-borrowed innovations and

political ideas and from the Greeks

-2 main civilizations

-Roman Republic (509 B.C.E. - 27 C.E.)

-Roman Empire (27 C.E. - 1453 C.E.)

Details

Mesopotamians & Sumerians

Others

-Phoenicians

-Mesopotamia

-Sumeria

-created a 22 letter alphabet

-improved the Egyptian numbering system

-set up cities in North Africa and the coast of

Europe for trade

-invented and used coined money

-most influential Middle Eastern group

-monotheistic

-God was abstract, not humanlike

-Lydians

-1st example of human civilization

-complex political structure

-ruled by king w/ divine power

-created “cuneiform”; 1st case of human writing

-massive towers “ziggurats" operated by priests

-1st monumental piece of architecture

-polytheistic

-gods associated w/ nature

-Judaism

-high migration rate because of

unreliable food supply

-low warfare

-low inequality

-low birth rates

-produced higher birth rates

-increased population

PROS:

-more food

-lower migration

-made larger cities possible

due to a reliable food supply

CONS:

-higher work hours

-more warfare

-diseases

-greater inequality

Egyptians

Chinese

-used technology and trade from Mesopotamia

-less open to invasion

-centralized government

-controlled economy

-the king or pharaoh was equal to God

-great mathematics

-along Yellow River

-somewhat isolated

-organized state

-used pictographic symbols

-advanced tech.

-tamed horses

-good metalworkers

-most tribes conquered by Shang

Indian & Chinese River Valley

-2 main cities: Harappa and Mohenjo Daro, yet

there were many more

-strong ruling and priestly class

-very large yet organized layout

-suggests there may have had central gov.

-resistant to outside innovations

-fell from natural disasters, weak military, too

many immigrants, and a loss of the priests'

control

Social

-social rigidity

-Organized with the caste system

-5 classes

-”Brahmins”/ priests

-”Kshatriyas”/ warriors, rulers

-”Vaisyas”/ merchants, traders, minor officials

-”Sudras”/ unskilled workers

-”Pariahs”/ untouchables, outcastes

-could NOT move from class

-only civilization with no slaves

-large gap between wealthy and poor

-government seen as one with society

-3 main social classes

-landowning aristocracy/ educated

bureaucracy

-laboring masses; peasants/ urban

artisans

-people with meaningless skills;

”means”

-filial piety

-division between citizens and non citizens

-many farmers, merchants, craftspeople,

slaves, and peasants / “plebeians"

-women, slaves, and foreigners were not

considered citizens

-3 basic classes

-Upper Class

-Middle Class

-Lower Class

-(Slaves)

-social structure similar to Greece

-many farmers, merchants, craftspeople,

slaves, and peasants / “plebeians"

-3 basic classes

-Upper Class

-Middle Class

-Lower Class

-(Slaves)

Political

-regionalism; small city-states

-king / “Raja” leader

Political

-the Roman Republic used a republican democracy

-all male citizens voted for “patricians”, people

from rich and powerful families, into the

Senate to vote for them

-the Roman Empire had a self-appointed emperor

-China had a central government

-one main emperor with bureaucrat assistants to

handle smaller states

-weak local rule

-emperors believed in the Mandate of Heaven

-if a disaster occurred, the emperor would lose his

Mandate

-direct democracy; free adult male citizens voted

on every law

-used codes of laws from Hammurabi

-city-states; too mountainous for central

government

-created vast trade

-2 largest cities were Athens and Sparta

-Alexander the Great helped expand the empire

-after his death, Greek art and culture merged

with Middle Eastern ideas “Hellenistic Period”

-had strong military which helped the empire to

expand

Religions /

Belief Systems

-Buddhism

-used mythology

-Christianity arose during the late

Roman Empire through

Constantine

Religions /

Belief Systems

-Confucianism

-typically otherworldly

-believed in dharma: the law of moral consequences

-created by Buddha

-the Mauryan emperor Ashoka endorsed

-spread by monks

-didn’t believe in the caste system

-the goal was to achieve nirvana by living a good life

and following the ways of Buddha

-no rituals or sacrifices

-no deities

-no specific creator

-promoted by the Guptas

-used the caste system

-had rituals / sacrifices

-a greater caste led to better next life; “reincarnation”

-most accepted religion in India

-many deities

-Hinduism

-no major religions

besides mythology

-primitive and

polytheistic

-Daoism

Intellectual

-typically worldly; focused on practical findings

-Confucianism and Daoism coexisted

-peasants typically polytheistic; used as support thru harsh life

-by Confucius

-”ethics system”; not religion

-believed personal virtue lead to prosperous political life

-stressed reciprocal respect from classes

-organized and centralized the government

-scorned focus on money making

-by Laozi

-emphasized harmony, balance, and peace

-added sense of spiritual mystery that Confucianism lacked

-humility and frugal living were key beliefs

-strived to harmony with nature

-political activity and learning was irrelevant; general conditions

were not important

-emperors accepted Daoism

-it was not a political threat

-some emperors liked its teachings

-told by the government to teach political ideals such as loyalty

-increased compatibility with Confucianism

-an authoritarian state

-used by Qin Dynasty

-thought human nature was evil

-borrowed Greek ideas

-democracy

-focus on secular world

-philosophical thinking

-use of Hammurabi's

Code

-Legalism

Intellectual

Technological Advances

-focused on secular world

-philosophers utilized philosophical thinking

-Socrates, Euclid, Homer

-the "birthplace" of democracy

-studied astronomy, the elements (fire, water, air,

earth), anatomy, writing, and plays/dramas

Intellectual

-no tool innovations

-slaves did tool work,

so there was no

need to make it

easier

-roads

-aqueducts

-domes

-favored practical findings; tried to discover how

the world works

-philosophers wrote down ideas and each

subsequent generation expanded on them

-studied medical, mathematical, musical, and

astronomical fields

-origination of the ideas of peace and

harmony

-Daoism in China implemented this

-dharma: the law of moral

consequences

-studied math, religion, philosophy,

writing, and medicine

Technological Advances

Economy

-no tool innovations

-slaves did tool work,

so there was no

need to make it

easier

-columns

-ships; allowed water trade

Technological Advances

-more slaves due to the conquering of

land

-slaves did most labor

-heavily taxed citizens

-Great Wall

-Silk Road

-paper

-agricultural improvements

-”Sanskrit”; undecipherable alphabet

-first precise measuring system and

tools

-great at steel and iron making

Economy

Decline

Economy

-agricultural civilization

-based on commercial agriculture, trade, slavery

-traded on Silk Road

-trade between city-states

-water trade with new ships

-traveled elsewhere to farm; land was not ideal for

agriculture due to the soil

-used slaves for agriculture

Economy

-agricultural civilization

-relied on the labor of the large peasant class

-trade with Middle East and India through the Silk

Road

-focus on money making scorned by Confucianism

-the population was declining

-the upper class stopped reproducing

-it became increasing difficult to recruit

effective armies

-there was great political confusion

-weak emperors

-greater brutality / arbitrariness of

emperors

-there was a series of plagues due to

international trade

-tax collection became harder

-agricultural civilization

-relied on large peasant class

-vast trade because of location

near the center of the Silk Road

Decline

-Confucian intellectual activity

became less creative

-central government lost control

-local landlords attempted to pick

up the government's slack by

ruling their neighborhoods as

they wished

-imperial court was stuck in a civil war

-prosperity and population growth declined

-devastating epidemics

-eventually overtaken by nomads

-the Peloponnesian War

-27 year long war

-long and exhausting

-wasted resources

-between Sparta and Athens

-the inner conflict made it easy for

Philip II of Macedon (Alexander

the Great's father) to conquer

Greece

-trade declined; less money was

coming in

-the Mauryans were conquered by Alexander the

Great

-this caused the subcontinent to created another

empire called the Guptas

-a group called the Huns attacked the Guptas

-the empire easily fell apart

-Indian classical culture was preserved through

Hinduism and the caste system.