- Electric vehicles have no tailpipe emissions.
- They run on renewable energy
- No Gas Required
- No Emissions: Electric cars are 100% eco-friendly as they run on electrically powered engines. It does not emit toxic gases or smoke in the environment as it runs on clean energy source.
- Reduced Noise Pollution
Marked crosswalks are safety devices but, often, pedestrians may believe that the vehicle can and will stop in all cases, even when it may be impossible to do so.
- Usually in any major crosswalks, people are always running into each other, creating a chaos in the system and raises personal stress. Unfortunattly, pedestrian have to wait for a while to cross, therefore, some people rush to get somewhere faster, which increases the possibility of accidents due to time.
- By reducing the crosswalks and encouraging pedestrianism, people tend to stay safer, happier, healthier, which means enhance people's quality life.
Street-scale features that encourage walking in the public realm can lead to opportunities for social interaction. These types of interactions can build community cohesion and trust.
- It increase social interaction and support.
- The effects of neighborhood disorder can be buffered by strong, informal social ties.
- Safety is not just an important co-benefit of active transportation—it is important to supporting active transportation.
- A study in New York City found that safety concerns can discourage active transportation in neighborhoods that otherwise have walkable urban form. For example, neighborhoods with high homicide rates have lower rates of active transportation.
The worth of a city lies in the amount of green space it possesses. It is a value that begins with aesthetics, but which takes account of improvements to the microclimate, air purification, relief from noise, noise absorption and the safeguarding of the soil.
Great public places contribute to community health – whether socially, economically, culturally or environmentally. They add enhancement to the civic realm – not only visually, but also in providing a sense of character and a forum for public activities.
URBAN ISSUES ARC 5434
FINAL PRESENTATION
Urban Transport Challenges worldwide
Implementing the project in Manhattan
TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM
MAGNETIC NETWORK COVERAGE BY COILS
The vehicles:
STATION SYSTEM, AXES AND CONNECTIVITY
The “City That Never Sleeps”, lives up to its name for every tourist or resident that navigates through the hustle and bustle of the densely populated city.
With approximately 28,000 people per square mile, NYC is a city full of activity 24 hours a day and the sights and sounds provide cultural education and entertainment around every corner.
New York City ranks high on the most heavily congested roads. New yorkers spend an average of 72 hours per year in traffic, the national average rate is 42 hours per year.
Daily commuters are often the last to arrive to their destination due to the traffic congestion.
Visit New York City and every street will be lined with bumper to bumper vehicles waiting to move nowhere quickly.
Why New york city faces this kind of traffic congestion?
It exists for a number of reasons. Not only is New York City a relatively small piece of land, measuring about 305 square miles, but according to the New York Department of Motor Vehicles, in 2015 there were 3,627,513 drivers licenses on file (and that doesn’t include the number of drivers who visit from outside of NYC).
In addition to the number of residential and business vehicles that navigate the busy streets of New York City, approximately 25,000 for hire vehicles (such as Uber and Lyft) have been added to the streets since 2011. As a result, slow and congested traffic has slowed down even more and busy boroughs like Manhattan have noticed a 9% decrease in traffic flow.
OUTLINE
The Area:
The Resources
Major cities have a high level of accumulation and concentration of economic activities and are complex spatial structures that are supported by transport systems.
The larger the city, the greater its complexity and the potential for disruptions, particularly when this complexity is not effectively managed. The most important transport problems are often related to urban areas and take place when transport systems, for a variety of reasons, cannot satisfy the numerous requirements of urban mobility.
Urban productivity is highly dependent on the efficiency of its transport system to move labor, consumers and freight between multiple origins and destinations.
TRAFFIC MAP IN THE FINANCIAL DISTRICT
PLANNING THE CONCEPT
MAP OF EXISTING SUBWAY TRACK
WHAT IF WE COULD USE LEVITATION IN TRANSPORTATION
Source: Guardian/IIED
In the selected area, manhattan has 4 passing subway stations, with 4 subway stations.
The existed stations will reduce the excavation, the cost, saving additional energy, and planning.
MAP OF MANHATTAN
GOOGLE EARTH VIEW OF LOWER MANHATTAN
This cylindrical container holds a liquid helium refrigeration system that cools a coil of superconducting wire. The coil generates magnetic fields for a project to investigate power generation from fusion.
The early superconductors were chunks of metal. A breakthrough came in the 1960s with the development of a superconducting wire, an alloy of niobium and titanium. With this wire, engineers could wind electromagnet coils.
These superconducting coils permit the construction of extremely powerful electromagnets.
The advantages of superconductive coils:
Cost Saving: Since the magnet is operated with the wire at superconducting temperatures, the resistance of the coils is zero and no energy is lost to heating the coils. For superconducting magnets, a small power supply is sufficient to initiate the flow of current.
Improves load leveling between renewable energy sources (wind, solar) and the transmission and distribution network.
Environmentally beneficial as compared to batteries; superconductivity does not rely on a chemical reaction and no toxins are produced in the process
200-ton superconducting magnet built at Argonne National Laboratory as part of a project to investigate power generation from fusion
Important transport terminals such as ports, airports, and railyards are located within urban areas, contributing to a specific array of problems.
Some problems are ancient, like congestion (which plagued cities such as Rome, Paris, New York, Delhi…), while others are new like urban freight distribution or environmental impacts.
EXPLAINING THE CONCEPT
Source: Analysis of data used in 2003 Annual Urban Mobility Report, Texas Transportation Institute.
I) Introduction
1.A- Urbanization and transportation challenges worldwide
1.B- Urbanization and transportation challenges in the U.S
1.C- The levitating Superconductors Method
II) Implementing the project: Future Manhattan
2.A- Why New York?
2.B- New York city urban and transportation plan
III) Turning the project into reality:
3.A. Vehicules used
3.B- Mapping system
3.C- Routes and connections
3.D- Stations
3.E- Up-to-date application: WeShare NY App
IV) Overview of the city after the project:
4.A- Benefits of the project: the impact on urban planning in manhattan
4.B- Challenges/ Resources reduced
4.C- More pedestrian and greenery
4.D- Cycling map
4.F- Future Manhattan
Weekday Peak-Period Congestion Has Grown in Several Ways in the Past 20 Years in Our Largest Cities
URBAN PLAN OF THE STUDIED AREA
IMPLEMENTED MAGNETIC SUPERCONDUCTIVE UNDERGROUND TRACK
PLANNING TRANSPORTATION CIRCULATION
E-VEHICLES AND CYCLE PLANNING MAP
STREET PLAN OF MANHATTAN
THE SCENARIO PROPOSED IN LOWER MANHATTAN
Sarah Grandin
Huthaifa Abdulrahman
Urbanization and transportation challenges In the US
NEW DETAILED PROPOSED PLANNING :
Because of its near-total dependence on petroleum fuels, the U.S. transportation sector is responsible for about a third of the country’s climate-changing emissions.
- About 15% of manmade carbon dioxide comes from cars, trucks, airplanes, ships and other vehicles.
- Reducing transportation emissions is one of the most vital steps in fighting global warming.
- Shift away from fossil fuel-powered vehicle dependence and the suburban sprawl that accompanies it.
- Find alternative fuels, alternative and public transportation, and better land-use patterns to begin reducing the country’s total vehicle miles traveled each year.
BUILDINGS
SIDEWALK
TRANSPORTATION OVERVIEW
U.S. Emissions
SERVICES PROVIDED FOR A BETTER SOCIAL AND ENHANCE QUALITY OF LIFE
URBAN PLAN OF THE STUDIED AREA
2.5 Meters
E-VEHICLES TRACK
With a superconductor you don’t need to have an oscillating magnetic field , Instead you have something called the Meissner effect, which essentially says that when you take a magnetic field near the superconductor, it induces current in that superconductor, and creates essentially an image magnetic field on the other side of the superconductor.
You create current, but since it’s a superconductor, the currents don’t die away. So you don’t need oscillating magnetic fields. You can have a magnet that levitates above a superconductor or vice versa, a superconductor that levitates above a magnet.
The effect emerges a kind of smoke, the liquid nitrogen, cooling the superconductors below their transition temperature (the temp at which it becomes superconducting) . The temperature reached is approximately 321 degrees Farenheit. The good part is that liquid nitrogen is actually a byproduct of the steel industry, so it’s inexpensive.
When the liquid nitrogen runs out, the superconductors warm up and the vehicle stops until you top it off again.
So the whole concept explained is: the creation of interaction between the superconductor and the magnet that repels the force of gravity and allows the thing to levitate.
U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions by Sector (2012)
PEDESTRIAN STREETS PLAN:
Transportation Energy Use by Mode (2012).
CYCLING TRACK
2.5 Meters
GREEN AREA
1 Meter
6 Meters
Source: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks: 1990-2012, Table ES-7, 2014.
PAVEMENT
Source: U.S. Department of Energy. Transportation Energy Data Book, Table 2.5, 2014.
1 Meter
This plan seeks to provide a framework for staging improvements to the community’s pedestrian and cycling network. The plan specifically identifies and recommends future locations/upgrades of sidewalks and paths in order to achieve an interrelated walking/bicycling network.
2.5 Meters
The projects aims at working on all aspects of the transportation problem, from advocating for increased fuel economy standards to challenging new sprawl developments, using existing laws and working for new systems to restrict vehicle emissions and take advantage of alternative-fuels technology for the benefit of the planet.
Cars, trucks and sport utility vehicles driven by U.S. citizens are to blame for about two-thirds of greenhouse gas emissions from the U.S. transportation sector. As more passenger vehicles hit the roads, this pollution will increase dramatically unless strict emissions-reduction and fuel economy policies are in place.
More than one-quarter of total U.S. greenhouse gas emissions come from the transportation sector, making transportation the second largest source of greenhouse gas emissions in the United States after the electric power sector.
The transportation sector consists of passenger vehicles (a category including both passenger cars and light-duty trucks), medium- and heavy-duty trucks, buses, and rail, marine, and air transport. Of the various transportation modes, passenger vehicles consume the most energy. Greenhouse gas emissions mirror energy use by each mode, because all modes use petroleum fuels with similar carbon contents and thus greenhouse gas emissions.
PEDESTRIANIALIZED STREET PLAN
Nearly all fossil fuel energy consumption in the transportation sector is from petroleum-based fuels (92 %), with a small amount from renewable sources (5%) and natural gas (3%).
These substances are not counted as greenhouse gases in transportation emissions inventories but are believed to have an indirect effect on global warming.
Factors Affecting Transportation Emissions
THE APPLICATION:
the city will be served with different initiatives to develop intelligent transportation systems and smart government mobile apps, to aim at enhancing the transport network and services and delivering a truly integrated transportation experience for new yorkers.
The city will offers this application, that suitable for Iphone and Android that will help people to complete transactions with a tap on their smartphone.
Those initiatives leads to a better orginized, easier and developped life that would help the residents in facing traffic congestion and other challenges; one way of creating the smart city, knowing that New York has been considered untill now the smartest city, and we are planning on pushing it even more.
THE IMPACT ON THE URBAN PLANING
Source: U.S. Energy Information Agency (EIA), Monthly Energy Review 2014, Table 3.1, 3.7c, 2014.
Transportation energy use and emissions are determined by four interrelated but distinct factors:
1- the type of fuels or energy sources.
2- the vehicles.
3- the distance traveled.
4- the overall system infrastructure.
Transportation accounts for about 70 percent of U.S. oil consumption, which greatly affects U.S. energy security.
BENEFITS OF THE PROJECT: ENHANCING QUALITY OF THE LOCALS:
Benefits of the transportation system:
Petroleum and Other Liquids Production and Consumption, 1970–2013.
The levitating Superconductors Method
Benefits of pedestrian streets, bicycle tracks and green areas
TOWARD A BETTER FUTURE
Pedestrian traffic and flow reduced
benefits of green areas:
WHAT?
HOW?
WHERE?
Magnetic levitation, fondly called Maglev, is the method through which a vehicle is suspended in the air by using magnetic force to counter gravitational force which pulls the vehicle towards the ground.
Maglev technology is in contrast to hovercraft technology in which vehicles are cushioned on a bed of air.
Magnetic forces keep the vehicle suspended over the tracks and guide the route of the train and trains are able to travel at speeds of over 150mph.
Superconducting magnets are electromagnets that are cooled to extreme temperatures during use, which dramatically increases the power of the magnetic field.
In Maglev, superconducting magnets suspend a train car above a U-shaped concrete guideway. Like ordinary magnets, these magnets repel one another when matching poles face each other.
The magnets employed are superconducting, which means that when they are cooled to less than 450 degrees Fahrenheit (232 Celsius) below zero, they can generate magnetic fields up to 10 times stronger than ordinary electromagnets, enough to suspend and propel a train.
These magnetic fields interact with simple metallic loops set into the concrete walls of the Maglev guideway.
The loops are made of conductive materials, like aluminum, and when a magnetic field moves past, it creates an electric current that generates another magnetic field.
CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
https://ops.fhwa.dot.gov/congestion_report_04/executive_summary.htm
http://www.nycsubway.org/wiki/Main_Page
https://www.earthmagazine.org/article/mineral-resource-month-niobium-0
https://bau.maps.arcgis.com/home/webmap/viewer.html?useExisting=1
http://www.etheric.com/Electrogravitics/maglev.html
https://www.kjmagnetics.com/blog.asp?p=superconductors
https://www.energy.gov/articles/how-maglev-works
http://www.railway-energy.org/static/
Magnetic_levitation_technology__maglev__59.php
http://www.faculty.rsu.edu/users/c/clayton/www/presson/paper.htm
http://onlinepresent.org/proceedings/vol27_2013/8.pdf
https://www.wired.com/2015/06/lexus-hoverboard-slide/
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/Solids/meis.html
http://srjcstaff.santarosa.edu/~yataiiya/4D/Quantum%20Levitation%20Presentation.pdf
http://www.businessinsider.com/us-cities-with-worst-traffic-2017-3/#10-boston-received-a-score-of-28-a-3-increase-from-the-year-prior-1
https://people.hofstra.edu/geotrans/eng/ch6en/conc6en/ch6c4en.html
https://www.c2es.org/energy/use/transportation
We think that the project if very needed for a city such as New York city, and would be a good example to try and implement such projects worlwide, to try and have better social life and going to work without having to care about traffic, energy cosumption, global warming to aim into a better future, an even smarter city, with good urban planning, that satisfies all fields, that can enhance people's life and would change the way one perceives his life
and just create a new social "magnetic" spirit!