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SCHUBERT - Thumbnail BIO
1797-1828
“Where other people keep diaries in which they record their momentary feelings, etc,
Schubert simply kept sheets of music by him and confided his changing moods to them; and his soul being steeped in music, he put down notes when another man would resort to words.”
- Robert Schumann, letter to to Friedrich Wieck, 1829
b. Vienna
Father schoolmaster
Child prodigy : violin, viola, piano
choir boy
age 9 harmony/counterpoint
age 11 first symphony
Theory with Salieri
Early masterpieces 1812-15
age 15 leaves choir
age 17 teaching at dad's school
Terese Grob … first love (unrequited)
"Gretchen am Spinnrade"
age 18 : most prolific year of his life!!
9 sacred works, 2 masses
Symph No. 3
144 Lieder, including "Die Erlkönig"
1816-22 - The Bohemian
Artistic friendships support him
Viennese coffee houses
Schubertiads
Public performances of work
Recognized by Beethoven: "Truly, the spark of divine genius resides in this Schubert!"
1823-28 - An Unfinished Life
…continued work on symphonies 8, 9
Illness - syphilis
Night life in Vienna
“I feel myself to be the most unhappy and wretched creature in the world. Imagine a man whose health will never be right again…Each night, on retiring to bed, I hope I may not wake again, and each morning but recalls yesterday’s grief.”
1825-28 - Symph. no. 9
String Quintet C Major
Song Cycles: Die Schöne Mullerin, Die Winterreise, Schwanngesang
Classical
“cool Apollonian”
to feel pleasure,
to inspire, uplift, edify
Ancient Greece -
Neoclassical architecture,
geometric gardens
Enlightenment =
reason,
disinterested discourse,
balance,
“the pursuit of
happiness”
Freedom in Form
simplicity, repetition
Romantic
“ecstatic Dionysian”
to melt the heart, reduce to tears, astound,
overwhelm, set hair on end
Medieval Gothic -
Castles in ruins
overrun by nature
Romanticism =
legends, fantastic, irrational, idiosyncratic
Each artist a law unto himself
The Cult of Genius
“the addition of strangeness to beauty”
- Walter Pater
ARTS & SCIENCES
EARLY ROMANTICS:
Ludwig von Beethoven
Carl Maria von Weber
Gioacchino Rossini
Franz Schubert
Hector Berlioz
Fanny & Felix Mendelssohn
MIDDLE ROMANTICS:
Frédéric Chopin
Robert & Clara Schumann
Franz Liszt
Richard Wagner
Giuseppe Verdi
Bedrích Smetana
Antonín Dvorák
LATE ROMANTICS:
Johannes Brahms
Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky
Giacomo Puccini
Gustav Mahler
Claude Debussy
Richard Strauss
LITERATURE:
Blake, Wordsworth, Coleridge, Keats, Shelley & Byron
J.W. von Goethe, Novalis, Hölderlin, E.T.A. Hoffman
Dostoyevsky, Tolstoy, Dickens, Emerson, Thoreau, Hawthorne, Twain, Brontë, Flaubert, Rimbaud, Mellville, Zola,Whitman, Dickenson, James…
The supernaturalists :
Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley, Edgar Allen Poe, E.T.A. Hoffman, Brothers Grimm,
H.G. Wells, B. Stoker
VISUAL ARTS:
Realism/Romanticism, Impressionism, Photography
Brady, Daguerre, Eastman, Lumiere
Blake, Cezanne, Courbet, Degas, Delacroix, C.D.Friedrich, Gauguin, van Gogh, Monet, Munch, Pissarro, Rodin, Sargent, Turner, Whistler
SCIENCES: Physics, Electricity, Steam, Gas, Medicine, Psychiatry
A.G. Bell, Bunsen, Curie, Darwin, Doppler, Edison, Faraday, Freud and Jung, Hertz, Mendel, Nobel, Pasteur, Tesla
Philosophy: Marxism, Existentialism, Human Rights
Engels/Marx, Hegel, Kierkegaard, Nietzsche, Schopenhauer, Jung, White
Politics: Revolutions - Industrial Age, Manifest Destiny
1776 American Revolution & 1789 French Revolution
1848 the wave of Revolutions…
1865 American Civil War…
Bismarck, Napoleon, Douglass, Jackson, Jefferson, Lincoln, Roosevelt, Queen Victoria
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nineteenth_century#Science
Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky
1840-1893
d. 1827
Gustav Mahler
1860-1911
Hector Berlioz
1803-1869
Fanny Mendelssohn
Robert Schumann
1810-1856
Giuseppe Verdi
1813-1901
Gioacchino Rossini
1792-1868
Felix Mendelssohn
1809-1847
Frédéric Chopin
1810-1849
Richard Strauss
1864-1949
Franz Liszt
1811-1886
Johannes Brahms
1833-1897
Franz Schubert
1797-1828
Giaccomo Puccini
1858-1924
“Carve this into your head, in letters of brass:An opera must draw tears, cause horror, bring death,by means of song.”
- Vincenzo Bellini, 1834
Claude Debussy
1862-1918
Giuseppe Verdi
1813-1901
ITALIAN
37 OPERAS
REQUIEM MASS
Celebrity
Populist
Traditional
Enduring popularity, international
MELODY
PLOTLINE
MELODRAMA
DIATONIC
(TRADITIONAL)
POP
APOLLONIAN
Richard Wagner
1813-1883
GERMAN
27 STAGE WORKS
18 OPERAS
Political
Powerful
Controversial
enduring popularity, cult-like interest
GESAMTKUNSTWERK
LEITMOTIF
UNDENDLICHE MELODIE
MYTHOLOGY
CHROMATIC
(MODERN)
PROGRESSIVE
DIONYSIAN
Tristan und Isolde, Prelude, Act I
Die Erlkönig, Schubert 1815
(Goethe 1782)
La Traviata - Libiamo, ne' lieti calici...
Anna Netrebko & Rolando Villazón
Richard Wagner
1813-1883
Schubert Quintet in C, D 956 - 3. Scherzo
Trio - Zagreb International Chamber Music Festival 2008
THE 20TH CENTURY
…an AGE of Isms…
ROMANTICISM(German)
NATIONALISM
Russia, Scandinavia, Hungary, England, AmericaTchaikovsky, Janacek, Bartok, Williams, Ives-Copland
IMPRESSIONISMFrench – Debussy
EXPRESSIONISMSchoenberg
PRIMITIVISM & NEO-CLASSICISMStravinsky
MINIMALISMReich, Glass
THE 20th CENTURY
an AGE of Isms
ROMANTICISM
(GERMAN)
NATIONALISM
Russia, Scadninavia, Hungary, England, America
Tchaikovsky, Janacek, Bartok, Williams, Ives, Copland
IMPRESSIONISM
(FRENCH)
Debussy
EXPRESSIONISM
Schoenberg
PRIMITIVISM & NEO-CLASSICISM
Stravinsky
MINIMALISM
Reich, Glass