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Building Blocks of Social Structure
21
Transcript
Chapter 4 - Section 1
Building Blocks of Social Structure
Status
Brief Introduction
Conclusion
Roles
- Each individual in society occupies several statuses
i.e. teacher, father, African American, church deacon
- Define where others fit into and how they relate to others in society
- Ascribed status - assigned according to abilities beyond a person's control
- Based on inherited traits and/or age
i.e. age, sex, heritage, race
- Achieved status - achieved through own direct efforts
- Include knowledge, skills, and abilities
i.e. occupations, marital status, athleticism, level of education
- Master status - determines social identity (can be achieved or ascribed)
- Changes over lifetime
- Status and roles determine the structure of groups in society
- Social Institution - status and roles that satisfy basic needs of society
i.e. family, economy, politics, education, religion, media, medicine, science
- Role conflict - when one expectation conflicts with another
e.g. a good employee goes to work; good parents stay home with their sick child
- Role strain - occurs when a person has difficulty meeting expectations of a single status
- Social structure gives society its enduring characteristics; makes patterns of human interaction predictable
- System of interrelated parts
- Social Structure - network of interrelated statuses, roles that guide human interaction
- Status - socially defined position in a group of society
- Role - behavior, rights, obligations expected of someone occupying a status
- Roles bring statuses 'to life'.
- Play many roles over a lifetime
- Reciprocal roles - corresponding roles that define patterns of behavior
i.e. athlete-coach, doctor-patient, friend-friend, etc
- Role expectations - socially determined behaviors expected of a role
- Role performance - how people perform their roles individually
- Does not always correspond to role expectations
- Role set - different roles attached to a single status
- Often contradictory
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