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Global Warming
Non- Renewable Resources
A non-renewable resource is something that is not being replaced as we consume it.
Using too many nonrenewable resources will cause their depletion within a relatively short time.
Renewable Resources: Earth's resources, such as our food supply and solar energy, which, given time, can be replaced.
An example of a renewable resource is fishing.
Even though many fishes are captured, the population will reproduce over time.
Unfortunately, now a days, modern commercial fishing remove fishes so quickly, making it impossible for them to reproduce fast enough.
If this keeps happening, fish will no longer become renewable resources.
Technology is all of the practical scientific knowledge that
has been used to meet human needs
Although technology has led to some improvements, other technologies have led harmful effects on the environment
People will need to help take difficult steps to help save the environment if technology can't solve all our problems. Already, people have tried to reduce the air and water pollution caused by factories, power-generating plants, automobiles, etc. But, some solutions are expensive, and will make products we buy cost more.
Deforestation negatively affects the ecosystem because as large parts of the forest are cut down, this depletes the amount of oxygen being released into the environment and leaving more carbon dioxide to ruin our atmosphere.
The water cycle is the prcoess by which water continuously moves from the Earth's surface to the atmosphere and back.
Water is continuously evaporating from the surface of the land and water and from the leaves of plants. The water vapor rises into the atmosphere and collects as clouds that move long distances. The vapor will eventually condense as precipitation. The water then collects as runoff or underground or evaporates. This process is then repeated over and over again.
Today's lifestyles have led to increased demands for disposable products.
The packaging of these products have caused environmental problems most
directly associated with
1. foob wed contamination
2. atmospheric depletion
3. solid waste disposal
4. the use of nuclear fuels.
Some modern agriculture methods have created serious insect
problems, primarily because these methods
1. increase soil loss
2. provide concentrated areas of food for insects
3. aid in the absorption of water
4. grow crops in areas where formerly only insects
could live.
The decline and extinction of many predatory
animal species is most probably the result of
1. an overabundance of prey species
2. the introduction of a new species of animal
into an area
3. the disruption of natural food chains
4. the decreased use of chemical pesticides
Modern methods of agriculture have contributed to the problem
of soil depletion because many of these methods
1. require smaller amounts of mineral and fertilizer application
2. interfere with the natural cycling of elements
3. use many varieties of cloned plants
4. depend on the practice of planting and harvesting
Which action that humans have taken in attempting to solve
an ecological problem has had the most negative effect?
1.seeking better means of birth control in the human population
2. applying scientific farming techniques to oceans
3. producing stronger and more efficient pesticides
4. developing new techniques for the disposal of sewage and the industrial and chemical wastes.
Japanese beetles, a major insectpest in the United States, do relatively little damage in Japan because they:
1. are kept in check by natural enemies
2. are kept in check by effective pesticide sprays
3. hibernate during the winter months
4. have gradually adapted to the environment
All of Earth's water, land, and atmosphere within which life exists is known as
1. A population
2. A Community
3. A Biome
4. The Biosphere
The correct answer is number 4.
The biosphere is the largest organizational grouping in ecology, it includes everyplace life is found on Earth.
Most autotrophs store energy in what form
1. starches
2. carbon dioxide
3. water
4. nucleic acids
The correct answer is mumber: 1
Starch is a polysaccharide consisting of chains of glucoses, which is what releases energy.
The survival of most plants and animals have been aided most by
1. increasing the height of industrial smoke stacks to spread air pollutants away from the immediate vicinity of combustion
2. reduction in the number of restrictive pollution control laws
3. Heavy use of pesticides to kill all of the insect pests that compete with humans for food sources.
4. The development of reasearching towards the preservation of endangered species.
The correct answer is number 4
Without the aid of humans to protect endangered species the pollution would kill a lot of them off
A desired outcome derived from an understanding of the principles of ecology would be
1. The elimination of most predatory species
2. An increase in the world human population
3. A decrease in disruption of existing wildlife habitats
4. An increase in the amount of industrialization
The correct answer is number 3
With an understanding of the principles of ecology, people would know the harm that they could be causing so they could stop disrupting wildlife habitats.
DDT is an insecticide that accumulates in the fatty tissue of animals and is
transferred through food chains. It concentration increases at each link of
a food chain. Which organism in a good chain is most likely to accumulate the highest concentration of DDT?
1. rabbit (a herbivore)
2. corn (a producer)
3. field mouse (a consumer)
4. owl (a predator)
The correct answer is number 4
Since the pesticide concetration increases with each link of the food web the owl would get the worst since it is a predator and the last link in the food web.
Which human activity has probably contributed most to lake acidification
in the Adirondack region of New York State?
1. passage of environmental protection laws
2. reforestation projects in lumbered areas
3. production of chemical air pollutants by industry
4. use of biological insect controls to eliminate pests
The correct answer is number 3
Production of chemical air pollutants affects the acidity because the chemicals come down as acid rain.
The number of industries along New York State's rivers is increasing.
What is the most likely consequence of increased industrialization?
1. a decrease in the amount of water needed by industry
2. a decrease in the aount of water pollution
3. an increase in the destruction of natural ecosystems
4. an increase in the amount of water available for recreational use
The correct answer is number 3
Industries along the river would most likely pollute the river with chemicals, destroying the natural ecosystem
The use of technology often alters the quuilibrium in ecosystems. With which of the following statements would most scientists agree?
1. Humans should use their knowledge of ecology to consider the needs of future generations of humans and other species.
2. Humans should develop new technology to expand the influence of humans in natural communities.
3. Humans should learn how to control every aspect of the environment so that damage due to technology will be spread evenly.
4. Humans should develop the uninhabited parts of Earth for human population expansion.
The correct answer is number 1
Some ecologists are concerned that the human population has outgrown the capacity of many
of Earth's ecosystems. The natural limiting factor that will most likely prevent furthur human population growth in many parts of the world is
1. habitat destruction
2. political intervention
3. food supply
4. s0cial intervention
Without food, humans can no longer
function or reproduce which will prevent
further human population growth.
Which of these human activities is quite often responsible
for the other three human activities?
1. increasing demand on limited food production
2. rapid increase of loss of farmland due to soil erosion
3. rapid increase of human population
4. increasing levels of air pollution
The rapid increase of human population will
lead to the demand on limited food production,
the rapid increase of loss of farmland due to soil
erosion, and the increased levels of air pollution.
The best way to ensure that there will be enough
aluminum for all future needs is to
1. dig more mines and process more aluminum ore
2. buy more aluminum from other countries and save our own
3. recycle and reuse aluminum
4. increase space exploration and search for new sources of aluminum
By recycling and reusing aluminum, it will stop
us from digging up mines to process more aluminum
ore, buy aluminum from other countries, etc.
Which human activity has probably contributed most to lake acidification
in the Adirondack region of New York State?
1. passage of environmental protection laws
2. reforestation projects in lumbered areas
3. production of chemical air pollutants by industry
4. use of biological insect controls to eliminate pests
The passage of environmental protection laws and reforestation projects in lumbered areas are used to help us, and not to harm the lake acidification. The use of biological insect controls eliminate pests is not as terrible as the production of chemical air pollutants.
Certain insects are kept under control by sterilizing the males with x rays so that the sperm production stops. Explain how this technique reduces the survival of this insect species.
If sperm production stops, then eggs cannot be fertilized.
The use of ionizing radiation in an attempt to control the screw-worm fly is a form of a pest control method referred to as biological control. The use of ladybugs to control aphids, milky spore disease to reduce Japanese beetle populations, and sex attractants to lure pest insects into traps are also examples of biological control strategies used against insect pests. State one reason why the use of biological control methods is often better than the use of chemical pesticides.
Biological controls are for a specific pest only. They do not rely on the use of toxic chemicals that can harm other species when spread through an environment.
Identify one part of the water cycle that the burning of fossil fuels,
such as coal and oil, directly affects. Support your answer.
Burning fossil fuels affects the precipitation part of the water cycle. As rain falls through gases produced by burning coal, oil, and other fuels, the gases dissolve in it and form acid rain, which causes damage to organisms in many ways.
Explain how the runoff waters from farm land and golf
courses might be dangerous to organisms living in ponds,
rivers, or streams.
T0xic chemicals used to control weeds and insect pests may be in the runoff water, and when they enter bodies of water, they may harm the organisms living there.
Many people place bat boxes on their property to provide housing that attracts insect-eating bats. Explain how this activity has a positive effect on the environment.
It controls insect populations without
the use of toxic chemicals.
When land is cleared for agriculture or home construction, small isolated sections of the original habitat may remain. Explain how this reduction in habitat size and the isolation of small sections of habitat might lead to species endangerment.
With less room to find food and live, many would die. Also, isolating groups in small areas leads to smaller breeding populations with less genetic diversity.
The planning board of a community held a public hearing in response to complaints by residents concerning a waste-recycling plant. These residents claim that the waste-hauling trucks were polluting air, land, and water and that the garbage has brought an increase in rats, mice, and pathogenic bacteria to the area. The residents were insistent that the waste-recycling plants be closed permanently.
State one cause of a health problem that can be associated with the presence of the waste recycling plant.
Particles in the air, or presence of bateria, or viruses on trucks, or carcinogens, or chemicals in air or water.
State one ecological benefit of recycling wastes.
Conservation of natural resources or energy conservation or reduction in pollution.
http://www.teachersdomain.org/asset/rr10_vid_ecosys/
Regents review questions: Short Answers
It reduces genetic variation by limiting the number of males that can produce offspring
Without reproduction, no species can survive.
The answer is choice numner 1. are kept in check by natural enemies
In Japan they have natural predators, while in the U.S. they don't
Explain why water shortages occur frequently in parts of NewYork State even though the water supply is nearly constant.
To preserve the biosphere for future generations, humans must
Regents review questions: Multiple Choice
(1) make use of technology to develop new pesticides
(2) put all wild animals in game preserves
(3) explore ways to drain and fill wetlands along the seacoast
(4) understand how living things interact with their environment
The answer is choice number 3. solid waste disposal.
Carbon, like many elements, is maintained in ecosystems through a natural cycle. Human activities have been disrupting the carbon cycle.
Plants help maintain the quality of the atmosphere by..
(1) storing carbon dioxide
(2) opening holes in the ozone shield
(3) causing global warming
(4) storing oxygen
Topic 7: Human Impact on Ecosystems
By: Ashley Lin, Donna Park, & Angel Torres
E Period
- is a increase in the Earth's average surface temperature caused by an increase in greenhouse gases.
Pollution:
is the harmful change in the chemical makeup of the soil, water, or air.
There are many types of pollution such as
Ozone Depletion
Greenhouse gases
Humans are responsible for some of the negative changes that occur in nature because they...
Causes:
is another worldwide problem like global warming.
The main cause of ozone depletion is the release of gases called chlorofluorocarbons or CFGs.
CFGs have been used as coolants in refrigerators and air conditioners, as propellants in aerosol cans, and in the manufacture of plastic foam.
State one way humans contributed to the change in the Atlantic salmon population in Lake Ontario.
(1) have controlled the use of many pesticides and other environmentally damaging chemicals
(2) have passed laws to preserve the environment
(3) are able to preserve scarce resources
(4) are able to modify their physical environment to provide for human needs
Ways to prevent Global Warming
Pollution:
is the harmful change in
the chemical makeup of
the soil, water, or air.
noise pollution
water
Finding and using energy sources that do not add Carbon Dioxide to the atmosphere is one way to prevent further global warming.
Ozone Shield
The release of certain industrial gases into the atmosphere has led to destruction of much of the Ozone Shield.
The Ozone Shield is a layer of ozone gas in the upper atmosphere that protects Earth from some of the sun's radiation.
There are many types of pollution.
smog, etc.
which of the resources is renewable?
Smog is a kind of air pollutant that results when
certain pollutants react with the sunlight.
(1) wood
(2) oil
(3) iron
(4) coal
The "hole" in the ozone shield allows normal amounts of ultraviolet radiation from the sun to reach the Earth's surface.
-Water power
-Wind power
-Geothermal power
-Solar power
The correct answer is number 3. food supply
Industrialization
Problems with increased industrialization is that most factories use a lot of water.
In some cases, withdrawing large quantities of water cause the ground to collapse, forming sinkholes.
Technology such as pesticides and or fertilizers can cause pollution
and have other harmful effects on the environment
is the development of an economy in which machines produce many of the products people use.
Theses products may add to the quality of life, but their manufacture can harm the environment.
It increases the demand for:
Larger crop yields mean a greater supply of food.
Carrying Capacity
Trade-off is an exchange or agreement made to reach a compromise.
However, humans affect the ecosystem in many other ways.
The answer is choice number 2. provide concentrated areas of food for insects
Deforestation
The correct answer is 3. rapid increase of human population
Crops being harvested provide insects a perfect place to feed
Many people are unwilling when it comes to giving up their air-conditioned comfort.
A great example of deforestation is the Brazilian part of the Amazon rainforest
In the last 40 years, 20 percent of the Amazon rainforest has been cut down
Direct Harvesting
This is the direct removal of an organism for its environment.
-Direct harvesting can harm ecosystems because by removing an organism it can disrupt the food web of that ecosystem leaving a specific organism to grow and reproduce unchecked
Energy Flow
The correct answer is choice 3. production of chemical air pollutants by industry
The answer is choice number 3. the disruption of natural food chains
When a food chain is disrupted, it affects every animal, and depending on which part of the food chain is disrupted some animals may become extinct.
The correct answer is 3. recycle and reuse aluminum
The answer is choice number 2. interfere with the natural cycling of elements
Since agriculture and products are in such high demand the soil does not have time to regain all its nutrients before it is used again.
Many people know how to conserve energy, but many of us are unwilling to give up the option to turn off our computers, television, radio, etc. when they aren't in use.
Us humans need to determine a trade-off, which is similar to a compromise in which it is acceptable to help save the welfare of the future generations by not destroying wildlife, the ecosystem, etc.
The answer is choice number 3. producing stronger and more effective pesticides
This has had a negative effect because the pesticides are poison to all other organisms in the ecosystem so an leak or drainage to the environment can affect all the other organisms.