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Intersectionality

& Education

In education, intersectionality can be used as a concept for framing theoretical arguments regarding policy and practice, and an approach to conducting research on and/or in schools

Kimberle Crenshaw coined this phrase in 1989 when she articulated how single-axis analyses mean the lived experience & oppression of women of color were not addressed

criticized work that treated race & gender as exclusive parts of the human experience

The point was to bring unjust realities to light in order to transform them, particularly the social structures that are embedded with power for some and marginalization for others

Existing Research

Labeling & Zero Tolerance Practices

students exhibiting challenging behaviors are being labeled negatively; implementing zero tolerance policies without looking at the root cause of these negative behaviors negatively effects the student

~ Implications

  • education system as a whole
  • economic, social, & moral
  • society as a whole
  • legal

schools function as oppressive systems that fail to meet some students' needs & discriminate against them

  • oppressive systems
  • oppressive discourses

most literature examines race, class, and gender separately

race, class, and gender are not homogeneous - concerning only one status group can lead to neglect of people's multiple group memberships

Intersectionality Defined

"A social science theory used to examine cultural and social categories of discrimination and their multiple and simultaneous interactions that contribute to or produce systematic social inequality"

centering: placing the oppressed group in the spotlight so that their issues may become visible and recognized to the public

Incorporating Intersectionality Approaches into Education

Theoretical Interventions of Intersectionality

Complicating identity

Centering the experiences of People of color

  • highlights the complexities of lived experience when a person embodies multiple identities simultaneously that interact & influence each other

  • draws attention to the significant diversity within groups & resists essentializing these groups such that diversity is collapse into one category

~ Application

  • never presume to know everything about an individual's background or group identity, or that if students share a particular group identity that they experience it similarly
  • yields new knowledge that highlights the voices of those individuals & groups previously excluded

~ Application

  • commitment to teaching about power & privilege & to use intersectional scholarship & analyses
  • necessitates attention to the content of what is taught as well as adopting different strategies for teaching

theoretical interventions of intersectionality & their application to Teaching & Learning

intersectionality needs to be incorporated in educational theory, policy & practice

it is a way to capture how power dynamics operate in a school & to discern what constitutes the status quo

shows how intertwining identities fail to match policymakers "norms"

Unveiling power in interconnected structures of inequality

promoting social justice & Social change

~ Application

  • intentionally integrate discussions about power & privilege into everyday course

attention to power & how power operates to shape privilege & oppression

4 domains that unveil power: institutions (structural), bureaucratic practices (disciplinary), images/symbols/ideologies that shape social consciousness (hegemonic), patterns of interactions (interpersonal)

~ Application

  • highlight the connection between individual identities & larger structures of inequality
  • reflect on policies, teaching practices, & instructional resources as well as to the interpersonal practices that influence how students & faculty treat one another

Historical Background

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