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In education, intersectionality can be used as a concept for framing theoretical arguments regarding policy and practice, and an approach to conducting research on and/or in schools
Kimberle Crenshaw coined this phrase in 1989 when she articulated how single-axis analyses mean the lived experience & oppression of women of color were not addressed
criticized work that treated race & gender as exclusive parts of the human experience
The point was to bring unjust realities to light in order to transform them, particularly the social structures that are embedded with power for some and marginalization for others
students exhibiting challenging behaviors are being labeled negatively; implementing zero tolerance policies without looking at the root cause of these negative behaviors negatively effects the student
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schools function as oppressive systems that fail to meet some students' needs & discriminate against them
most literature examines race, class, and gender separately
race, class, and gender are not homogeneous - concerning only one status group can lead to neglect of people's multiple group memberships
"A social science theory used to examine cultural and social categories of discrimination and their multiple and simultaneous interactions that contribute to or produce systematic social inequality"
centering: placing the oppressed group in the spotlight so that their issues may become visible and recognized to the public
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intersectionality needs to be incorporated in educational theory, policy & practice
it is a way to capture how power dynamics operate in a school & to discern what constitutes the status quo
shows how intertwining identities fail to match policymakers "norms"
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attention to power & how power operates to shape privilege & oppression
4 domains that unveil power: institutions (structural), bureaucratic practices (disciplinary), images/symbols/ideologies that shape social consciousness (hegemonic), patterns of interactions (interpersonal)
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