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Chapter 5 : Social Interaction and Social Structure

Social Networks(cont.)

Social Networks(cont.)

Helpful With:

  • Finding employment
  • Making connections with new organizations
  • Gaining more opportunities
  • Understanding problems correlating to social networks such as obesity, and crime( being around others can cause traits to rub off)
  • increases the morale of jobless people through talking with others going through the same struggles
  • One of the five basic elements of social structure( statuses,social roles, groups, social networks, and social institutions)
  • Ex: sharing job information, exchanging news, gossip, and other activities.

Discussion Question

Elements of Social Structure

  • Do you believe social networking is highly effective for getting employment?
  • Have any of you gotten a job through networking with others or knowing someone already working there?

Social Networks

Social Interaction and Reality

  • In the Past 60 years, we've seen many groups make considerable societal change. These group include African Americans, Women and the LGBT community.
  • The way they've been able to do this is by reconstructing social reality.
  • These groups challenge traditional standards and perceive reality in new ways.

Questions

  • What is social interaction?
  • What is social Structure?
  • What are some examples of things that were once considered fringe or deviant that you have seen become more common?
  • Has the Internet allowed Fringe cultures to gain acceptance from the mainstream or has it been to the detriment of fringe cultures?

Social Interaction and Reality

  • Social Interaction varies across cultures.
  • In the western world, Marriage is seen as a relationship. However, in places such as Japan, it's seen more so as a social status. This leads to colder,more detached marriages.
  • However,as shown previously,social realities are capable of changing. Recently in Japan, a group named the Devoted husband organization has held a beloved wife day. At this event,dozens of men gather in Tokyo to shout "I love you" to their wives, something not commonly said in japanese culture.

Stanford Prison Experiment

Virtual Worlds

  • According to Sociologist Hebert Blumer interpret meaning in each others actions rather than just reacting.
  • The meaning we attach to other's actions is shaped by our previous interaction with them. Thus our social reality is constructed from our previous social interactions.
  • For example,Tattoos were once considered atypical. However as more people got tattoos,interaction with tattooed people increased. Now tattoos are very common.

Social Interaction and Reality

Youtube Video

  • It is a series of social relationships that link a person directly to others, and through them indirectly to still more people.
  • In 1971 Stanford University Conducted an experiment where it took college students and made them guards of a mock prison.
  • The students adopted the social interaction expected of prison guards and even resulted to torture of the prisoners.
  • Thus the social structure was similar to actual prison.
  • Virtual worlds are persistent virtual environments in which people experience others as being there with them - and where they can interact with them.

Social Roles:

  • A set of expectations for people who occupy a given social position or status.

Role Conflict:

  • Occurs when incompatible expectations arise from two or more social positions held by the same person.

Role Strain:

  • The difficulty that arises when the same social position imposing conflicting demands and expectations

  • Social interaction is the way in which people respond to one another, whether face-to-face or over phone or computer.
  • Social structure refers to the way in which a society is organized into predictable relationships.
  • These two concepts are key to sociological study and are closely related to socialization.

Discussion Questions

1) What are some examples of virtual worlds that serve as a Second Life world?

2) How have these Second Life worlds served in helping us better/ worsen our environment? Or has it only does one of the two? or both?

Virtual Worlds (cont.)

Why it's Helpful:

  • Maintain social networks electronically
  • Don't need face-to-face contacts
  • Adolescents and others can interact freely with distant friends
  • Employees can escape work environment
  • Helps preserve real-world networks interrupted by war and other dislocations
  • Digital photos and sound files can emailed back home from soldiers in the Middle East and Afghanistan for example.
  • Create virtual worlds where it is a second life in a way, as you can buy houses, work, and direct your life in a virtual reality
  • Trainees for companies may even learn responsibilities and gain experience in these virtual worlds

Tonnies's Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft

Organic Solidarity-

A collective consciousness that rests on mutual interdependence, characteristics of societies with a complex division of labor.

Mechanical Solidarity is a collective consciousness that emphasizes group solidarity, characteristic of societies with minimal division of labor.

Elements of Social Structure(cont.)

Durkheims Mechanical and Organic Solidarity

Mechanical solidarity can be thought of as the solidarity found in smaller, isolated, rural areas that have a homogenous population.

Elements of Social Structure

(cont.)

Elements of Social Structure

(cont.)

Major Institutions:

  • Help maintain the privileges of the most powerful individual and group in a society while contribution to powerlessness of others

Interactionist Perpective:

  • role is to foster everyday behavior
  • the focus it to influence the roles and statuses we accept

Michael Duneier:

  • studied social behavior of the world processors, all women who work in the service center of a large Chicago law firm

Sociological Perspectives on Social Institutions:

Functionalist Perspective

  • The role is to meet basic social needs.
  • The focus are the essential functions.

Conflict Perspective

  • The role is to meet basic social needs.
  • The focus is maintenance of privileges and inequality.

Questions?

  • Durkheims argument was that social structure depends on the division of labor in a society.
  • Durkheim later came up with the term "Mechanical Solidarity."

Elements of Social Structure (cont.)

Groups:

  • Any number of people with similar norms, values, and expectations who interact with one another on a regular basis.
  • Groups play a vital part in a society's social structure.

Social Institutions:

  • Organized patterns of beliefs and behavior centered on basic social needs.
  • Examples:
  • Mass Media
  • Government
  • Economy
  • Family
  • Health Care System

Social Structure in Global Perspective

We accept comments, and criticisms as well

Role Exit:

  • The process of disengagement from a role that is central to one's self-identity in order to establish a new role and identity.

Four Stages of Role Exit:

  • Doubt
  • Search For Alternatives
  • Action Stage/Departure
  • Creation Of A New Identity
  • Modern Societies are more complex compared to earlier social arrangments.
  • Sociologists Emile Durkheim,Fredinand Tonnies, and Gerhard Lenski developed ways to contrast modern societies with simpler forms of social structure.

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Ian Brown

Larry Brown

Tariq Abdullah

Kiersten Bouldin

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