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I

Treaty of San Ildefonso

  • Treaty between France and Spain in which Spain returned the Louisiana Territory to France

Illinois College

  • Private Liberal Arts College
  • Opened in 1829

The area had belonged to France and when it was returned to Spain in the Treaty of San Ildefonso it was a great thing for the United States. The Louisiana Territory was then bought by the United States for 15,000,000. This doubled the land owned by the United States.

J

D

James Thomson Callendar

  • A Political journalist whose writing was controversial

James Madison

  • American Statesman
  • Political theorist
  • Fourth President of the United States of America

Declaration of War 1812

  • Formal act by which one nation goes to war against another

Dartmouth vs Woodward

  • A land mark decision made by the United States Supreme Court

G

Madison campaigned for the ratification of the Constitution by co-authoring a series of essays with Alexander Hamilton that circulated around the states. There were 85 essays in all, Madison wrote 29, and they were known as the Federalist Papers. Madison's important contribution to the overall creation of the Constitution earned him the nickname "Father of the Constitution".

Treaty of Ghent

  • Peace treaty that ended the War of 1812

John Greenleaf Whittier

  • Influential American Quaker Poet and advocate foe the abolition of slavery

The decision increased the power of the Federal Government over the states. The Dartmouth vs Woodward case reaffirmed that the United States Supreme Court invalidate state laws when it found those laws unconstitutional. It also reinforced the practice of imposing restrictions upon state legislatures with regard to the regulation of corporations

Whittier attended the recently opened Haverhill Academy. To raise money to attend the school, Whittier became a shoemaker for a time, and a deal was made to pay part of his tuition with food from the family farm.Before his second term, he earned money to cover tuition by serving as a teacher in a one-room schoolhouse in what is now Merrimack, Massachusetts. He attended Haverhill Academy from 1827 to 1828 and completed a high school education in only two terms. Whittier became an out-spoken critic of President Andrew Jackson, and by 1830 was editor of the prominent New England Weekly Review in Hartford, Connecticut, the most influential Whig journal in New England.

E

K

H

Erie Canal

  • A Canal in New York that ran three hundred sixty three miles from Albany, New York to Lake Erie

Embargo of 1807

  • A general embargo enacted by the United States Congress against Great Britain and France

L

Kentucky Resolution

  • Written by Thomas Jefferson
  • System of principles adopted by two states

Francis Scott Key

  • American lawyer who was captured during the revolutionary war and wrote the Star Spangled Banner

Hartford Convention

  • Series of meetings in which New England federalists met to discuss the grievances of the war of 1812

Light Horse Harry

  • American Revolutionary soldier

Louisiana Purchase Treaty

  • Treaty signed by France by which the United States purchased 15,000,000 acres of land

Lewis and Clark Expedition

  • Journey made by Lewis and Clark to explore the Northwest American territory

The Embargo act destroyed New England's shipping capacity and seriously damaged American markets, especially for exporters. Markets where the US has gained advantage, such as the West Indies, were lost to Britain, and the economic cost to the country was extremely high. In the long run, the Embargo Act, had to be repealed because its significance was to nearly cripple the young American economy.

Francis Scott Key was an American who was present when the British fleet attacked Fort McHenry during the War of 1812. He wasn’t defending the fort, but he was being held prisoner aboard a British ship where he watched in horror as the American fort was blasted with cannon. From this point he was able to see that the fort was not destroyed after twenty-four hours after the initial attack and it motivated him to jot down a quick poem. That poem later became the anthem of the United States.

It highlighted sectional differences. They wished to get rid of the 3/5 compromise which allowed slaves to be counted in as part of the population in deciding the amount of representatives in the House of Representatives. It marked the end of the Federalist party. The members of the convention were federalists, so the party name became compared with disunion, treason, succession, and secrecy. This led to rapid decline of party support and eventually led into the so called "era of good feelings" were there is only one political party.

A

The important thing about The Lewis & Clark Expedition was that it set the stage for settlement of the West. It proceeded the Louisiana Purchase. It allowed different cultures to meet and get to know each other's ways and customs. And it took white exploreres on a discovery of many new geographic, plant and animal species. But the important thing about The Lewis & Clark Expedition was it set the stage for settlement of the West.

Alexander Hamilton :

  • A Founding Father of the United States
  • Chief of Staff to General George Washington

Alien Acts

Series of laws, passed during the presidency of John Adams that sought to restrict the public activities of political radicals who sympathized with the French Revolution and criticized the president's Federalist policies

Alexander Hamilton understood banking as none of the other founding fathers did. He was a founding father and a leader of the Federalist party. In addition, he established a national bank and was the first Secretary of the Treasury.

F

Federalists

  • An advocate or supporter of federalism or one within the Federalist party

Francis Cabot Lowell

  • An American businessman who lived between 1797-1829 whom Lowell, Massachusetts is names after

M

Missouri Crisis

  • Compromise passed in 1820 between pro-slavery and anti-slavery fractions

John Marshall

  • Fourth chief justice of the supreme court of the United States of America

Lowell became a successful merchant and traveled to England, where in 1810 he acquired information about the Lancashire power looms' inner workings. Upon his return to the United States, Lowell collaborated with master mechanic Paul Moody to construct an improved version of the machinery that conducted the spinning and weaving functions.

John Marshall's Supreme Court. Marbury v. Madison was one of the most important decisions in U.S. judicial history, because it legitimized the ability of the Supreme Court to judge the consitutionality of acts of the president or Congress.

N

B

Napoleon

  • French military and political leader who rose to prominence during the later parts of the French Revolution

Nat Turner

  • African American slave who led a slave rebellion in Virginia

Benjamin Franklin

  • A founding father of the United States

Bill of Rights

  • The first ten amendments to the US Constitution, ratified and guaranteeing such rights as the freedoms of speech, assembly, and worship.

O

He was a man who was fed up and he did order is posse to kill all white people. This attitude is not good, but it is something that is understandable in context. He killed 60 white people, mainly children.

But the reaction was extraordinary. And many blacks throughout Virginia were murdered, guilty or not. And the Virginia legislature seriously considered abolishing slavery in the state of Virginia.

Battle of New Orleans

  • Series of battles and was the final major battle of The War of 1812

Ohio University

  • Major Unites States public research university
  • Opened in 1804

Benjamin Franklin was one of the founding fathers of the United States. He was the colonies ambassador to France and convinced the French government to fight with the Americans against the British. In addition, he was a member of the Continental Congress and was instrumental in planning our system of government.

Answer War of 1812 The Battle of New Orleans occurred on January 8, 1815 and was the final battle of the War of 1812. Actually this battle was fought several days after peace had been declared. The peace negotiation were in Paris France and the news had not reached the US. This battle was significant in that it was a major American victory over the British army that included regiments that had successfully against Napoleon in Europe.

C

The Creek Chief Red Eagle

  • Chief of the Upper Creek towns
  • Led the Red Sticks in the Creek War of 1813-1814

The Cherokee Phoenix

  • First News paper published by Native Americans in the United States

The Cherokee Phoenix was significant because it was one of the first written ties between the United States and the Native American populations. The first issue appeared February 21, 1828. It contained five columns on all four of its pages. The editor announced that, because translation between English and Cherokee was slow, initially the paper would print only three columns each week in the Cherokee language.

PQ

Theodore Parker

  • Was an American Transcendentalist and reforming minister of the Unitarian church
  • As a reformer and abolitionist, his words and quotations which he popularized would later inspire speeches by Abraham Lincoln and Martin Luther King, Jr.

Parker was originally introduced to liberal religious perspectives in the late 1820s by Convers Francis of Watertown, Massachusetts. He rapidly moved beyond traditional Unitarianism and joined the Transcendental Club in 1826. His words and actions rightfully accused many Unitarian ministers of teaching a supernatural Christianity in which they no longer believed and insisting on conformity to a creed that they professed not to have. He was a noteworthy contributor to the Dial and later founded his own magazine, the Massachusetts Quarterly Review

W

George Washington

  • Was the first President of the United States
  • The Commander-in-Chief of the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War
  • One of the Founding Fathers of the United States.

R

Robert Morris

  • Was a Liverpool-born American who helped financed the American Revolution
  • Signed the Declaration of Independence, the Articles of Confederation, and the United States Constitution

Robert Morris was a man of wealth and integrity in Philadelphia during the revolutionary period. though not a scholar or a soldier, he was to play an essential role in the success of the War against England, and in placing the new United States on a firm footing in the world. Morris, almost single handed, saw to the financing of the Revolutionary War, and the establishment of the Bank of the United States after.

George Washington is often called "the father of his country" for his crucial role in fighting for, creating and leading the United States of America in its earliest days. Washington was a surveyor, farmer and soldier who rose to command the Colonial forces in the Revolutionary War. He was also the only president to be unanimously voted into office.

S

Star Spangled Banner

  • The national anthem of the United States of America
  • Based on a poem written by Francis Scott Key on September 14, 1814

"Star-Spangled Banner" is called the national flag and the anthem of the United States of America. For more than 200 years it has been a symbol for the nation's unity and strength. The Star-Spangled Banner represents The U.S as a nation, a state, a government, a set of policies but most important a set of ideals. These ideals have been set long time ago in the Declaration of Independence

XYZ

XYZ Affair

  • Was a political and diplomatic episode in 1797 and 1798
  • Confrontation between the United States and Republican France that led to an undeclared war called the Quasi-War

V

The XYZ Affair was a 1797 diplomatic episode that worsened relations between France and the United States and led to the undeclared Quasi-War of 1798. John Jay's Treaty of 1795 angered France, which was at war with Great Britain and interpreted the treaty as evidence of an Anglo-American alliance. U.S. President John Adams and his Federalist Party had also been critical of the tyranny and extreme radicalism of the French Revolution, further souring relations between France and the States.

Mount Vernon

  • In Fairfax County, Virginia, near Alexandria
  • Was the plantation home of George Washington, first President of the United States.

U

United States Military Academy

  • A school for training men and women to become officers in the United States Army
  • Founded in March 16, 1802

Mount Vernon was home to George Washington. He inherited the property upon the death of his brother's widow in 1761. Mount Vernon was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1960 and is today listed on the National Register of Historic Places. It is still owned and maintained in trust by The Mount Vernon Ladies' Association, and is open every day of the year.

West Point became an important American institution in the years before the Civil War, establishing itself as the country’s finest school of engineering and science. Its graduates held key roles in virtually every aspect of American life. They also began to distinguish themselves as junior officers, many later rising to command armies on both sides of the Civil War.

T

Thomas Jefferson

  • Was an American Founding Father
  • the main author of the Declaration of Independence
  • The third President of the United States.

Thomas Jefferson, author of the Declaration of Independence and the third U.S. president, was a leading figure in America’s early development. During the American Revolutionary War, Jefferson served in the Virginia legislature and the Continental Congress and was governor of Virginia. He later served as U.S. minister to France and U.S. secretary of state, and was vice president under John Adams (1735-1826).

ABC History Book

1798-1829

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