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Arnold Schoenberg and his 12-Tone Method
1
Arnold Schoenberg
Basic Info
Reception and Reviews
The 2nd Viennese School
- born in 1874, died in 1951
- His two most famous students were Anton Webern and Alban Berg
- born in Austria, moved to the United States in 1933
- Did not understand it
- Used to traditional structure of classical music (i.e. Mahler, Strauss, and others)
- Ernst Krenek, a music critic of the 1920s said that Schoenberg's music was: "the self-gratification of an individual who sits in his studio and invents rules according to which he then writes down his notes."
- Both developed upon Schoenberg's 12-tone serialism and became just as famous as him
- Never went to school for music, but took violin lessons
These critques, along with the rise of the Nazi party, all influenced Schoenberg to leave Austria for the United States, where his music was better recieved.
Conclusion
Anton Webern's
"String Quartet, op. 28"
- Began composing at age nine
- Schoenberg's influence can be heard throughout the works of his students
- He recieved mixed reviews from critics, audience members, and colleagues alike.
THESIS
2:42-3:12
- Though it was different from anything previously composed, his atonal pieces were unique, edgy, and brilliant in their own ways
Schoenberg's 12-tone technique revolutionized classical music, and heavily influenced future composers
Thank You For Listening!
Main Points
1.) Schoenberg's new way of composing recieved mixed reviews from audiences, critics, and colleagues, because of its differences from traditional classical music.
2.) He and his two most famous students, Webern and Berg, were considered the "2nd Viennese School".
Why is he famous?
- Created new methods of composition
Comments from Colleagues
- 12-Tone Method (aka "serialism")- When all 12 notes of the chromatic scale are used with equal value, and there is no key.
- Both Strauss and Mahler appreciated his early works
- became confused and drifted away after the creation of the 12-tone technique
- Mahler continued to support him, though he didn't understand him
- Strauss disregarded him completely after
- One of the most significant musical teachers of the 20th century
Schoenberg's
"Piano Sonata, op. 25"
Comparisons
0:00-0:50
Traditional Classical
Schoenberg's Atonal Music
Mahler
Strauss
- structured clearly and well-known
- has a key
- easy on the ears
- Unlike anything heard before
- no key
- structure was hard to recognize