Early Modern Period Timeline

In 1492 Fernando and Isabel also expelled Jewish people from their kingdom.

• 'Joanna the Mad', also known as 'Juana la Loca' was one of the daughters of the Catholic kings.
• She was the mother of Charles Vth, the Holy Roman Emperor.
• She was Queen of Castile from 1504, and of Aragon from 1516.
• Modern Spain evolved from the union of these two crowns.
• Joanna was married by arrangement to Philip the Handsome, Archduke of the House of Habsburg, on 20 October 1496.

• Her husband, Philip the Handsome, died on 25th September 1506 after a five-day illness in the city of Burgos in Castile.
• The official cause of death was typhoid fever. She was so sad that she refused to leave his coffin.
• She carried the coffin around with her when she had to travel and refused to let any females near it.
• She died nearly half a century after her husband, in 1555.
• Today we don't know whether she was really mad or whether it was a rumour for political reasons but her behaviour was certainly very strange.

• Christopher Columbus set sail from Palos de la Frontera, Spain on Friday, August 3, 1492, with his fleet of three ships--the Nina, Pinta and the Santa Maria.
• On October 12, he made landfall on what he quickly named San Salvador. He believed he was on a small, Asian island and proceeded onward to Cuba, believing it to be Japan, then Hispanola (which was really Haiti and the Dominican Republic).
• Christopher Columbus established a small colony and returned to Spain with goods and captives.

Francisco Pizarro went to Peru in 1532. The Inca emperor, Atahualpa, was taken captive by Pizarro and his men. Pizarro conquered the Incas and became the governor of Peru.

Hernan Cortes went to Mexico in 1519. Cortes captured the Aztec king and conquered the Aztecs.

Ferdinand Magallan was the first person to sail across the Pacific Ocean. He crossed the Pacific Ocean and arrived in the Philippines, where he was killed in battle in 1521.

• Martin Luther was one of Western history's most significant figures.
• He spent his early years as a monk and scholar.
• In 1517, Luther wrote a document attacking the Catholic Church.
• His "95 Theses" had two central ideas: the Bible is the central religious authority and humans may reach salvation only by their faith and not by deeds.
• All these things helped to start the Protestant Reformation.

• King Henry VIII wanted a male heir and his wife Catherine, (sister of Joanna the Mad) at the age of 40, was too old to have a male heir, so Henry sought an annulment.
• The Pope refused to grant him a divorce.
• Henry VIII established the Church of England where divorce was acceptable and he was the head of the church and state.

• In the 16th century, El Greco was the most important painter in Spain.
• He was Greek but lived in Toledo from 1577.
• His paintings were famous for their elongated figures.
• This is one of his most famous paintings, The Burial of the Count of Orgaz.

• Diego de Velázquez was a painter in the court of Philip IV and he became very important there.
• He became responsible for the decorations and paintings of the royal palace, as well as the royal family's clothes!
• His most famous painting is 'Las Meninas' which can be seen in the Prado Museum in Madrid.

• Murillo was a Spanish Baroque painter.
• Although he is best known for his religious works, Murillo also produced a considerable number of paintings of contemporary women and children.
• These lively, realist portraits of flower girls, street urchins, and beggars give us an idea of the everyday life of his times.

• He was born in Alcala de Henares in 1547.
• He was the most important writer of his time.
• He wrote Don Quijote de la Mancha which is considered the first modern novel, and therefore Cervantes was the first novelist.
• The book has been published in 65 countries.

• Lope de Vega was a Spanish Baroque playwright, poet, novelist and marine.
• He was nicknamed "The Phoenix of Wits" and "Monster of Nature" by Cervantes

• Tirso de Molina was born in 1579 in Madrid.
• He was a Spanish Baroque dramatist, poet and Roman Catholic monk, who was a friend of Lope de Vega.
• He wrote plays, short stories and poems.
• He is known for writing The Trickster of Seville' and 'The Stone Guest', the play from which the popular character of Don Juan originates.

Carlos I was the grandson of the Catholic monarchs, and the first Hapsburg king of Spain.

During his lifetime, Philip II not only had the titles of King of Spain, King of Portugal, King of England, King of Ireland, King of Sicily, Duke of Milan and the Lord of the Seventeen Provinces of the Netherlands but he also had four wives.

• He was the first Bourbon king and ruled with absolute power in the first half of the 18th century.
• He centralised the government, eliminating local laws and institutions.
• He divided Spain into provinces.

• Carlos III was king in the second half of the 18th century
• He introduced projects to modernise the country, improving roads and building canals.
• He created new institutions in Spain: the Royal Astronomical Observatory, the Museum of Natural History, and the Royal Academies.
• Cities were made more beautiful with gardens, palaces, monuments and fountains.

Early Modern Spain Timeline

Martin Luther and the Reformation

1492-1789

Yvonne Brand

The Early Modern Age

Treaty of Tordesillas

June 7th, 1494

Meanwhile in England Henry VIII started the Anglican Church (Church of England) 1534

• The Early Modern Age began with the discovery of America in 1492, and ended with the French Revolution in 1789.
• Society was still divided into three groups: the clergy, nobles and commoners.
• Agriculture was the main economic activity, but trade was growing.
• People began travelling to other countries and they used coins to buy things more than before.

• The Treaty of Tordesillas was agreed upon by the Spanish and Portuguese to clear up confusion on newly claimed land in the New World.
• In May of 1494, Pope Alexander VI issued a decree.
• It established an imaginary line running north and south through the mid-Atlantic.
• Spain would have possession of any unclaimed territories to the west of the line and Portugal to the east.
• After further exploration, Portugal became dissatisfied with the agreement when they realized how much more land Spain had been given.
• In June that year, the line was negotiated and the agreement was ratified in the Spanish town of Tordesillas.

Who was 'Joanna the Mad' of Castile?

What was the Spanish Inquisition?

Fernando and Isabel, the Catholic Kings, married in 1469

• The Spanish Inquisition was a tribunal started in 1478 in Spain by Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella I of Castile.
• During the Spanish Inquisition many people were burnt in front of crowds in the streets.
• Anyone who was not loyal to the Roman Catholic church was in danger of being called a heretic.
• A ceremony at which heretics were burnt was called an auto-da-fé. The judge was called the Inquisitor.

• 1479 Isabel became queen.
• 1478 The Inquisition began.
• 1479 Fernando became King of Aragón.
• 1492 They conquered Granada and expelled the Jews. This was the end of the Reconquista.
• 1492 They financed Christopher Columbus's voyage of discovery.
• 1496 They took control of the Canary Islands
• 1512 Fernando took control of Navarra

Magellan's Journey

1519-1522

The Golden Age Painters

• Ferdinand Magellan was a Portuguese navigator.
• His voyage turned out to be the first circumnavigation of the world.
• Magellan sailed across the Atlantic Ocean, around South America and across the Pacific Ocean.
• The Strait of Magellan was named after him.
• He himself did not complete the voyage because he was killed by natives in the Philippine Islands but his crew did(Magellan still credited).

Francisco Pizarro

Hernan Cortés

During this period there were many great artists and writers who made important contributions to the world of art.

El Greco

Bartolomé Esteban Murillo

The Age of Discovery

Velázquez

Ferdinand Magallan

Christopher Columbus landed in the "New World" in 1492. But he was not the only explorer in what was also known as ´The Age of Discovery'.

The End of the Modern Age

Who were the Bourbons?

The Golden Age: Writers

Who were the Hapsburgs?

• After the death of Carlos II in 1700 there was a war between Spain and other countries in Europe about who should be king.
• This was called the War of Spanish Succession and Spain lost some lands and power.
• The new dynasty was called the 'Bourbons.'

Miguel de Cervantes

Lope de Vega

The French Revolution in 1789 marked the end of the Modern Age.

• During the 16th and 17th centuries, Spain was ruled by the Hapsburg dynasty.
• Carlos I was the first Hapsburg king of Spain.
• He was the grandson of the Catholic monarchs.
• Spain became an enormous international empire under the Hapsburgs.
• Carlos 1 and Felipe II were the most important Hapsburg kings.
• When Carlos II died in 1700 it was the end of the Hapsburg dynasty because he didn't have any children.

Philip V

Carlos III

Tirso de Molina

Carlos I of Spain

Philip II

Philip II's realm in 1598