The Migration of the Chinese

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The Migration of the Chinese

A HISTORY OF NEW ZEALAND

How NZ was Challenged by the Chinese

The New Zealanders today are usually respectful of other races, but back in the 18th-19th century, most Europeans thought the Chinese migration a disease, the Yellow Peril, and tried to make their life quite difficult for them to lose interest and leave to go back to China. However, the steady "onslaught" of Chinese migrants arriving at New Zealand made it quite difficult to claim land for European stragglers, and this meant that more Maori would be forced to retreat for residents to buy their own land. Nevertheless, it was quite wrong for the residents to treat the Chinese harshly, and NZ was the first country to formally apologise to them.

NZ and its Cultural Enrichment

The country of New Zealand has become very diverse ever since the start of the European discovery of the land, as the Chinese had begun to arrive in the 18th century. The Europeans also brought foreign food and animals, such as poultry, cattle and sheep. Coincidentally, these introduced animals are some small icons of New Zealand, as they overtake the New Zealand human population. The Chinese brought diversity, and different celebrations that became popular within New Zealand, such as the Lantern Festival annual event in Auckland and the New Year Festival and Market Day.

The Lantern Festival in New Zealand, an Annual Event

Obstacles of the Chinese Migration

The Europeans who had previously arrived called the migration of the Chinese the "Yellow Peril", possibly indicating to the colour of their skin when they arrived, and were generally disliked among the New Zealand community. This was because some men sought relief through opium and gambling, which was wildly exaggerated by the New Zealand community. Because of this, a poll tax was created for the Chinese which was originally 10 pounds, but increased to 100. Most couldn't pay, so they tried to strike rich with gold mining. Only a few managed to find gold, and a lot of people were stuck in poverty.

The Yellow Peril

This drawing was made during the discrimination period of the Chinese migration to New Zealand, between the 1860s and 1940s, and depicts the Yellow Peril, an evil Chinese monster enslaving a defenceless Maori woman with its tentacles showing greed, drugs and brutality.

From Tai Awatea, The Yellow Peril, published in 1907 in the New Zealand Truth

Why Migrate to New Zealand?

New Zealand seemed appealing to most Chinese citizens as they were forced to live in an overpopulated country with robbers and chaos. The prospect of a free land with not many people seemed perfect for them and they tried to move away from China. As well as this, the gold rush that was happening at the time meant that potential money could be made there for any foreigner.

A drawing of Europeans welcoming the Chinese

Why leave China?

China was in chaos during the time of New Zealand's discovery. Bandits ran amok throughout the streets and the constant famine and drought made life difficult for Chinese citizens. The overpopulation of people within the country also gave the Chinese more reason to leave. Most job opportunities were also taken by the growing amount of residents within the country.

The Discovery of New Zealand

China and its Citizens

Captain Cook's ship, the Endeavour

During the 18th century, a man called Captain Cook was told to study the transit of Venus in the Southern Hemisphere. This resulted in him landing at New Zealand, a new country discovered by a Dutch explorer Abel Tasman in 1642. There, he encountered hostile Maori who he bargained with for land. By the time the 19th century had occurred, Europeans were migrating because of the generous offers of land and money in New Zealand. But one particular reason for going was the gold rush.

China was and still is a country in Asia who was mainly inhabited by the Chinese. During the 18-19th century when New Zealand was first discovered by Europeans, the Qing dynasty was occurring in China, which would be the last dynasty before the Republic of China begins. Most people were peasants, and lived poorly, while others lived as generals and nobles, who were generally more respected.

The Gold Rush in NZ

A Map of China during the Qin Dynasty